摘要：
Lignin and cellulose are two essential elements of plant secondary cell walls that shape the mechanical characteristics of the culm to prevent lodging. However, how the regulation of the lignin and cellulose composition is combined to achieve optimal mechanical characteristics is unclear. Here, we show that increasing OsTCP19 expression in rice coordinately repressed lignin biosynthesis and promoted cellulose biosynthesis, resulting in enhanced lodging resistance. In contrast, repression of OsTCP19 coordinately promoted lignin biosynthesis and inhibited cellulose biosynthesis, leading to greater susceptibility to lodging. We found that OsTCP19 binds to the promoters of both MYB108 and MYB103L to increase their expression, with the former being responsible for repressing lignin biosynthesis and the latter for promoting cellulose biosynthesis. Moreover, up-regulation of OsTCP19 in fibers improved grain yield and lodging resistance. Thus, our results identify the OsTCP19-OsMYB108/OsMYB103L module as a key regulator of lignin and cellulose production in rice, and open up the possibility for precisely manipulating lignin-cellulose composition to improve culm mechanical properties for lodging resistance.
摘要：
To investigate the differential immunology in Ningxiang and Berkshire pigs and their F1 offspring (F1 offspring), physiological and biochemical indicators in the plasma and spleen were analyzed. Then, transcriptomic analysis of the spleen identified 1348, 408, and 207 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparisons of Ningxiang vs. Berkshire, Berkshire vs. F1 offspring, and Ningxiang vs. F1 offspring, respectively. In Ningxiang vs. Berkshire pigs, the gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the DEGs included CD163, MARCO, CXCL14, CCL19, and PPBP, which are associated with immunity. GO and KEGG analyses were also conducted comparing F1 offspring and their parents. The DEGs, including BPIFB1, HAVCR2, CD163, DDX3X, CCR5, and ITGB3, were enriched in immune-related pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated that the EGFR and ITGA2 genes were key hub genes. In conclusion, this study identifies significant immune DEGs in different pig breeds, providing data to support the exploration of breeding strategies for disease resistance in local and crossbred pig populations.
摘要：
IL-1 beta is an important proinflammatory cytokine with multifaceted modulatory roles in immune responses. In fish, recombinant IL-1 beta has been employed in the control of bacterial diseases, while the antiviral mechanisms of IL-1 beta remain largely unknown, and the efficacy of recombinant IL-1 beta as an immunomodulator to prevent viral diseases is still not determined. This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant grass carp IL-1 beta against grass carp reovirus (GCRV) in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, the mature form (Ser(111)-Lys(270)) of grass carp IL-1 beta was identified, and its recombinant protein (designated as rgcIL-1 beta) was prepared through prokaryotic expression. Then, an in vitro evaluation model for rgcIL-1 beta activity was established in the CIK cells, with the appropriate concentration (600 ng/mL) and effect time (1 h). In vitro, rgcIL-1 beta could not only induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha but also a series of antiviral factors including IFN1, IFN-2, IFN-gamma, and ISG15. Mechanistically, transcriptome analysis and western blotting confirmed that rgcIL-1 beta activated multiple transcriptional factors, including NF-kappa B, IRF1, IRF3, and IRF8, and the signal pathways associated with inflammatory cytokines and antiviral factors expression. Expectedly, rgcIL-1 beta treatment significantly inhibited GCRV replication in vitro. In vivo administration of rgcIL-1 beta via intraperitoneal pre-injection significantly aroused an antiviral response to restrict GCRV replication and intense tissue inflammation in grass carp, demonstrating the immunomodulatory effects of rgcIL-1 beta. More importantly, rgcIL-1 beta administrated with 10 ng/g and 1 ng/g could improve the survival rate of grass carp during GCRV infection. This study represents the first time to comprehensively reveal the immunomodulatory and antiviral mechanisms of IL-1 beta in fish and may also pave the way for further developing recombinant IL-1 beta as an immunotherapy for the prevention and control of fish viral diseases.
作者：
Li, Yiman;Henke, Michael;Zhang, Dalong;Wang, Chuanqing;Wei, Min
期刊：
Agronomy,2024年14(2):314- ISSN：2073-4395
通讯作者：
Wei, M
作者机构：
[Zhang, Dalong; Wei, M; Wang, Chuanqing; Wei, Min; Li, Yiman] Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Hort Sci & Engn, Tai An 271018, Peoples R China.;[Henke, Michael] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Smart Agr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Dalong; Wei, M; Wei, Min] China Japan Protected Hort Cooperat Res Ctr Shando, Tai An 271018, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wei, M ] S;Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Hort Sci & Engn, Tai An 271018, Peoples R China.;China Japan Protected Hort Cooperat Res Ctr Shando, Tai An 271018, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Experimental studies were conducted on the cultivation of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) at Shandong Agricultural University, China, from 2022 to 2023. Three cultivation patterns were designed as follows: a north–south orientation with a row spacing of 1.40 m (NS-1.4m), a north–south orientation with a row spacing of 1.80 m (NS-1.8m) and an east–west orientation with a row spacing of 1.80 m (EW-1.8m). A functional–structural plant model using the open source interactive modeling platform of GroIMP was constructed for the cultivation of tomatoes. The growth of plants as well as the light distribution and light interception capacity of the crop canopy were simulated and analyzed. The impacts of these cultivation patterns on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, fruit ripening time, quality and yield of tomato plants were analyzed. The studies revealed that compared with the NS-1.4m treatment, the canopy light interception of tomato plants under the NS-1.8m and EW-1.8m treatments increased by 6.08% and 9.80% in a winter–spring crop and 6.80% and 19.76% in an autumn–winter crop, respectively. Their plant height, leaf area, aboveground dry matter accumulation, leaf net photosynthesis rate as well as the lycopene, vitamin C and sugar–acid ratio of the fruit all exhibited increasing trends, while fruit ripening was accelerated. The yield of the NS-1.8m and EW-1.8m treatments increased by 3.92% and 6.18% in a winter–spring crop and 4.17% and 9.78% in an autumn–winter crop, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to further analyze the data, confirming that the cultivation of an east–west orientation with wide row spacing is beneficial for tomato cultivation in Chinese solar greenhouses. This cultivation pattern maximizes the canopy’s light interception, thus leading to improved fruit quality and yield. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for optimizing the cultivation pattern of solar greenhouse crops.
摘要：
A gel electrolyte with molecular anchors is synthesized. It reduces the activity of H2O by anchoring them through ternary hydrogen bonds, which effectively inhibits hydrogen evolution reaction. Furthermore, multiple charged groups of the gel electrolyte induce the deposition of Zn2+ in an orderly manner and promote the directional deposition of Zn2+ on the Zn (002) plane, obtaining a highly reversible dendrite‐free anode. Abstract The high activity of water molecules results in a series of awful parasitic reaction, which seriously impede the development of aqueous zinc batteries. Herein, a new gel electrolyte with multiple molecular anchors is designed by employing natural biomaterials from chitosan and chlorophyll derivative. The gel electrolyte firmly anchors water molecules by ternary hydrogen bonding to reduce the activity of water molecules and inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction. Meanwhile, the multipolar charged functional groups realize the gradient induction and redistribution of Zn2+, which drives oriented Zn (002) plane deposition of Zn2+ and then achieves uniform Zn deposition and dendrite‐free anode. As a result, it endows the Zn||Zn cell with over 1700 h stripping/plating processes and a high efficiency of 99.4% for the Zn||Cu cell. In addition, the Zn||V2O5 full cells also exhibit capacity retention of 81.7% after 600 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent long‐term stability over 1600 cycles at 2 A g−1, and the flexible pouch cells can provide stable power for light‐emitting diodes even after repeated bending. The gel electrolyte strategy provides a reference for reversible zinc anode and flexible wearable devices.
摘要：
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly destructive pests that cause enormous crop losses worldwide. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, exploring the potential of biocontrol agents has become crucial for nematode management. Priestia megaterium YB-3 was originally isolated from rice rhizosphere soil. In vitro experiments with the fermentation supernatant of YB-3 exhibited up to 96.0% mortality of M. graminicola second-stage juveniles (J2) and 39.2% egg hatching inhibition rate at 48 h after treatment. In greenhouse and field experiments, the application of YB-3 significantly suppressed the gall index, final nematode and egg populations compared to the untreated control, while it promoted rice (Oryza sativa) growth. YB-3 showed consistently high biocontrol efficacy against M. graminicola. Moreover, YB-3 remarkably enhanced the expression of defence genes involved in salicylic acid (OsNPR1, OsWRKY45, OsPR1a), jasmonic acid (OsJaMYB, OsAOS2) and ethylene (OsACS1) signalling pathways at different levels. In addition, YB-3 steadily colonized rice rhizosphere soil at levels ranging from 3.54 x 103 to 9.08 x 104 cfu/g soil. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the application of YB-3 had no significant influence on the rice rhizosphere microbial community structure, and the taxa enriched in the YB-3 treatment were Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Ascomycota. YB-3 effectively suppressed M. graminicola infection, possibly because it colonized the rice rhizosphere, induced plant resistance and increased the relative abundances of beneficial microorganisms. Priestia megaterium YB-3 could be a promising and safe biological component in the integrated management of M. graminicola.
期刊：
Advanced Energy Materials,2024年14(3):2302712- ISSN：1614-6832
通讯作者：
Fu, Lijun;Wu, YP;Ozoemena, KI
作者机构：
[Ye, Jilei; Liu, Lili; Yuan, Xuelong; Fu, Lijun; Yuan, Xinhai; Zhang, Shuaishuai; Wu, Yuping; Fu, LJ] Nanjing Tech Univ, Coll Chem Engn, Sch Energy Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mat Oriented Chem Engn, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Peng] Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Ecol Met Multimet Minerals, Sch Met, Shenyang 110819, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Xiongwei] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Tao; Wu, Yuping] Southeast Univ, Sch Energy & Environm, Confucius Energy Storage Lab, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;[Ozoemena, Kenneth I.; Ozoemena, KI] Univ Witwatersrand, Mol Sci Inst, Sch Chem, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
通讯机构：
[Wu, YP ; Fu, LJ] N;[Ozoemena, KI ] U;Nanjing Tech Univ, Coll Chem Engn, Sch Energy Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mat Oriented Chem Engn, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;Southeast Univ, Sch Energy & Environm, Confucius Energy Storage Lab, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.;Univ Witwatersrand, Mol Sci Inst, Sch Chem, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
关键词：
Al metal;aqueous rechargeable Al-ion battery;cobalt hexacyanoferrate;high energy density
摘要：
An aqueous rechargeable Al‐ion battery (ARAIB) using a cubic phase cobalt hexacyanoferrate as positive electrode shows excellent rate and cycling performance together with an average discharge voltage of 1.56 V and an energy density of 155 Wh kg−1. Abstract Like other aqueous batteries, aqueous rechargeable Al‐ion batteries (ARAIBs) have attracted much attention due to their high safety and low cost. However, the low energy density of ARAIBs limits its popularization and application. In order to solve this problem, in addition to choosing Al metal as the negative electrode, it is also necessary to choose a suitable positive electrode material. Here, a cubic phase cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) with excellent rate and cycling performance is used as the positive electrode material. Due to the reversible catalysis of the Cl−/Cl0 reaction at high potential in saturated AlCl3 solution, it has the characteristics of high capacity up to 103.5 mAh g−1. Combined with the Al metal as negative electrode, an ARAIB with an average discharge voltage of 1.56 V and an energy density of 155 Wh kg−1 is constructed, which shows outstanding cycling and rate performances.
关键词：
Tobacco mosaic virus;alpha diversity;bacterial interaction;beneficial bacteria;sensitivity of bacterial community
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is one famous plant virus responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide. However, the roles of bacterial communities in response to TMV in the tobacco rhizosphere remain unclear. METHODS: We explored the soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community succession of the healthy (YTH) and diseased (YTD) plants with TMV infection by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS: We found that soil pH in the YTD group was significantly lower than in the YTH group, and the soil available nutrients were substantially higher. The bacterial community analysis found that the diversity and structure significantly differed post-TMV disease onset. With TMV inoculated, the alpha diversity of the bacterial community in the YTD was markedly higher than that in the YTH group at the early stage. However, the alpha diversity in the YTD group subsequently decreased to lower than in the YTH group. The early bacterial structure of healthy plants exhibited higher susceptibility to TMV infection, whereas, in the subsequent stages, there was an enrichment of beneficial bacterial (e.g., Ramlibacter, Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Niastella) and enhanced energy metabolism and nucleotide metabolism in bacteria. CONCLUSION: The initial soil bacterial community exhibited susceptibility to TMV infection, which might contribute to strengthening resistance of Tobacco to TMV.
摘要：
Biochar and organic fertilizer are widely supported to maintain crop production and sustainable development of agroecosystems. However, it is unclear how biochar and organic fertilizer alone or in combination regulate soil functional microbiomes and their relationships to ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Herein, a long-term (started in 2013) field experiment, containing five fertilization treatments, was employed to explore the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer applications on the EMF (based on 18 functional indicators of crop productivity, soil nutrient supply, element cycling, and microbial biomass) and the functional microbiomes of bulk soil and rhizosphere soil [normalizing the abundances of 64 genes related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulphur (S) cycles]. Compared with single-chemical fertilization, biochar and organic fertilizer inputs significantly enhanced most ecosystem-single functions and, in particular, the EMF significantly increased by 18.7-30.1%; biochar and organic fertilizer applications significantly increased the abundances of soil microbial functional taxa related to C-N-P-S cycles to varying degree. The combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer showed a better improvement in these indicators compared to using them individually. Most functional microbial populations in the soil, especially the taxa involved in C degradation, nitrification, nitrate-reduction, organic P mineralization, and S cycling showed significantly positive associations with the EMF at different threshold levels, which ultimately was regulated by soil pH and nutrient availability. These results highlight the strong links between soil microbiomes and agroecosystem functions, as well as providing scientific support for inclusion of biochar in agricultural production and services with organic amendments. 8-year field evidence revealed impacts of biochar and pig manure on soil functional microbiome and ecosystem functions.Biochar and pig manure inputs notably enhanced most ecosystem-single functions and the EMF increased by 18.7-30.1%.Biochar and pig manure inputs notably enriched soil functional microbes related to C-N-P-S cycles to varying degree.Increase in EMF was related to microbe-driven soil processes such as C degradation, nitrification, and Po mineralization.Inclusion of biochar in crop production with organic amendments could enhance agro-ecosystem functions and services.
摘要：
An accurate and nondestructive prediction method of lime acidity was established based on near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and ensemble learning strategy. Dual-band spectra were obtained nondestructively with a single scan using a desk-top Fourier transform spectrometer and a grating portable spectrometer. Spectral preprocessing methods were used to eliminate the interferences in the spectra. The quantification models of available acidity (pH and 10−pH) and total acidity (TA) were developed with the ensemble learning strategy compared with partial least squares (PLS) and variable selection methods. The results indicated that due to the high-energy light source, the models of the grating portable spectrometer were much better than those of the Fourier transform spectrometer. Short-wave NIR (SWNIR) was more suitable for quantitative analysis of available acidity, while long-wave NIR (LWNIR) was more effective for quantitative analysis of TA. Besides, the models of available acidity were ahead of those of TA. Compared with PLS and variables selection methods, the ensemble learning strategy can produce models with higher prediction accuracy and better robustness. In the optimized models, the correlation coefficients of pH, 10−pH and TA for the prediction set were 0.84, 0.82 and 0.66, respectively. The experiment results show that accurate and nondestructive prediction of lime acidity can be achieved with the grating portable NIR spectrometer and ensemble learning strategy.
通讯机构：
[Zehe Song] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
作者机构：
[Ouyang, Zan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Water Resource & Civil Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xinfang; Tian, Juncang] Ningxia Univ, Sch Civil & Hydraul Engn, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xinfang; Tian, Juncang] Ningxia Univ, Engn Technol Res Ctr Water Saving Irrigat & Water, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xinfang; Tian, Juncang] Ningxia Univ, Engn Res Ctr Efficient Utilizat Modern Agr Water R, Minist Educ, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ouyang, Z ] H;[Tian, JC ] N;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Water Resource & Civil Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Ningxia Univ, Sch Civil & Hydraul Engn, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.;Ningxia Univ, Engn Technol Res Ctr Water Saving Irrigat & Water, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.
关键词：
brackish water drip irrigation;photosynthetic characteristics;dry matter accumulation;soil microorganisms
摘要：
Water shortages and soil salinization are the bottlenecks of sustainable agricultural development in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Brackish water as a supplementary water source for agricultural irrigation is an important way to solve the shortage of agricultural water resources in arid regions. To study the effect of the mineralization degree of irrigation water (MIW) on the yield and quality of greenhouse fruit cucumber in arid, semi-arid, and cold regions, the effects of MIW on the photosynthesis, yield, and quality of greenhouse fruit cucumber, as well as the soil microorganisms and enzyme activity, were evaluated based on observed data from spring–summer (S−S) and autumn–winter (A−W). In this study, fruit cucumbers from Ningxia sunlight greenhouses were studied in a comparative experimental design with four MIW levels (CK, 2.8–3.0 g L−1; S1, 1.9–2.3 g L−1; S2, 1.2–1.4 g L−1; S3, 0.3–0.5 g L−1) where CK was used as the control treatment. The main indicators of fruit cucumber yield and fruit quality increased with MIW from 0.3 g L−1 to 3.0 g L−1. Compared with CK, the leaf area index (LAI) and net photosynthetic rate (A) of S3 of S−S (A−W) increased by 17.92% (26.32%) and 112.89% (17.68%), respectively. Vitamin C, soluble protein, and nitrate contents increased by 118.75% (24.92%), 41.67% (28.89%), and 43.09% (41.90%), respectively. The soil respiration rate (SRR) increased by 46.51% (90.48%). The yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased by 35.98% (27.94%) and 12.95% (10.64%), respectively. A model of MIW and soil EC was developed and the applicability of the model was verified, with relative errors ranging from 2.7% to 7.8% (less than 10%). Within the experimental range, irrigation with lower MIW, which facilitated the increase in soil microbial load and soil respiration rate, promoted fruit cucumber growth, A, yield, and DMA, but was not conducive to fruit sugar accumulation; higher MIW was more conducive to improving fruit quality. The comprehensive assessment determined that the better MIW was 0.3–0.5 g L−1 (S3). The results of the study provide a feasible way to improve the quality and efficiency of greenhouse crops irrigated with brackish water in arid and semi-arid cold regions.
作者机构：
[Liu, Dongbo; Zhang, Zhixu] State Key Lab Subhlth Intervent Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Dongbo; Zhang, Zhixu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Qin, Dan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Guo, Xin] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Sci, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Lin, Haiyan] Natl Res Ctr Engn Technol Utilizat Ingredients Bot, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Guo, X ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Sci, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Adsorption;Carbon dots;Pb(II);Starch
摘要：
The adsorption removal of lead (Pb) ions has become a crucial area of research due to the potential health hazards associated with Pb contamination. Developing cost-effective adsorbents for the removal of Pb(II) ions is significantly important. Hence, a novel fluorescent starch-based hydrogel (FSH) using starch (ST), cellulose nanofibrils (CN), and carbon dots (CD) was fabricated for simultaneous adsorption and detection of Pb(II). A comprehensive characterization of FSH, including its morphological features, chemical composition, and fluorescence characteristics, was conducted. Notably, FSH exhibited a maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of 265.9mg/g, which was 13.0 times higher than that of pure ST. Moreover, FSH was employed as a fluorescent sensor for Pb(II) determination, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06μg/L. An analysis was further performed to investigate the adsorption and detection mechanisms of Pb(II) utilizing FSH. This study provides valuable insights into the production of a novel cost-effective ST-based adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions.
摘要：
Purple tea, renowned for its anthocyanin content and distinctive purple hue, has gained prominence. The anthocyanin content in purple tea can exceed three times that of traditional green-leaf tea. Purple tea harbors various anthocyanins, implicating intricate pathways of biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation. Concurrently, owing to its distinctive chemical composition, the processing of purple tea may be constrained, potentially influencing the sensory attributes and flavor profile of the tea. The richness of anthocyanins in purple tea has yielded potential health benefits, including antioxidative and anti-cancer properties, rendering purple tea a sought-after commodity in the tea market. However, current research on purple tea remains incomplete, including indistinct networks of anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms, incomplete chemical characterization, and a need for comprehensive investigations into its biological activities. The limited research foundation has greatly reduced the popularity and consumption of purple tea. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in the biosynthesis and regulation of anthocyanins, as well as the chemical compositions, processing, and health benefits of purple tea. This review will provide the groundwork for future efforts in the selection and innovation of purple tea germplasm, purple tea processing, and the expansion of the market for purple tea consumption.
摘要：
Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for biodegradation and transformation of industrial toxic substances such as catechol (CA) has received widespread attention, but the low tolerance of S. cerevisiae to CA has limited its development. The exploration and modification of genes or pathways related to CA tolerance in S. cerevisiae is an effective way to further improve the utilization efficiency of CA. This study identified 36 genes associated with CA tolerance in S. cerevisiae through genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analysis and the ERG6 knockout strain (ERG6Δ) is the most sensitive to CA. Based on the omics analysis of ERG6Δ under CA stress, it was found that ERG6 knockout affects pathways such as intrinsic component of membrane and pentose phosphate pathway. In addition, the study revealed that 29 genes related to the cell wall-membrane system were up-regulated by more than twice, NADPH and NADP(+) were increased by 2.48 and 4.41 times respectively, and spermidine and spermine were increased by 2.85 and 2.14 times, respectively, in ERG6Δ. Overall, the response of cell wall-membrane system, the accumulation of spermidine and NADPH, as well as the increased levels of metabolites in pentose phosphate pathway are important findings in improving the CA resistance. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the tolerance of strains to CA and reducing the damage caused by CA to the ecological environment and human health.
关键词：
Quaternary molten salt;Co doping;Adjustable disordered/ordered phase ratio;Lithium ion batteries
摘要：
The electrochemical performances of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) materials are strongly correlated with the ratio of disordered to ordered phases. Nevertheless, there are few reports on the adjustment of ordered and disordered phase ratio. In this paper, the ratio of ordered to disordered phases in LNMO is successfully adjusted by using a quaternary molten salt, which is proven by XRD refinement, FT-IR, and XPS. Reductive quaternary molten salt and Co doping are favorable for Ni/Mn cation disorder, leading to the increased disordered phase. LNMO with an appropriate ratio of ordered to disordered phases can exhibit enhanced electronic/ionic transfer rate and structural stability, revealed by electrochemical tests and ex situ characterizations. Therefore, the optimized material delivers a reversible capacity of 121 mA h g-1 at 20 mA g-1 and a long cyclic life with 61 mA h g- 1 at 1000 mA g-1 over 1200 cycles. The present work offers a new idea for achieving a regulated ratio of ordered to disordered phases in LNMO.
摘要：
Acute colitis is a complex disease that can lead to dysregulation of the gut flora, inducing more complex parenteral diseases. Dandelion polysaccharides (DPSs) may have potential preventive and therapeutic effects on enteritis. In this study, LPS was used to induce enteritis and VC was used as a positive drug control to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of DPS on enteritis. The results showed that DPS could repair the intestinal barrier, down-regulate the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and other pro-inflammatory factors, up-regulate the expression of IL-22 anti-inflammatory factor, improve the antioxidant capacity of the body, and improve the structure of intestinal flora. It is proved that DPS can effectively prevent and treat LPS-induced acute enteritis and play a positive role in promoting intestinal health.
摘要：
The simultaneous nitrate (NO(3)(-)-N) and phosphorus (P) removal systems are considered to be an effective wastewater treatment technology. However, so far, there are few studies on system optimization to improve NO(3)(-)-N and P removal. In this study, nine simultaneous NO(3)(-)-N and P removal biofilters (SNPBs) were constructed to treat simulated wastewater. In order to optimize the NO(3)(-)-N and P removal, different material loading positions were set: (1) red soil, steel slag, and rice straw (RSR), (2) steel slag, red soil, and rice straw (SRR), and (3) red soil, rice straw, and steel slag (RRS). Results showed that the above three treatments had mean removal efficiencies of 58%-91% for NO(3)(-)-N and 55%-81% for TP, with the best N and P removal occurring in the SRR. The TN mass balance indicated that microbial removal was responsible for 78.2% of the influent TN in the SRR biofilter. The key microorganisms were Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Diaphorobacter, and unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae, which accounted for 61.9% of the total microorganisms. The main P-removal mechanism was the formation of Al-P, Fe-P, and Ca-P in red soil or steel slag layer. In addition, the decrease of SRR effluent pH from 11.86 in 1-7 days to 7.75 in 8-50 days indicated that red soil and rice straw had a synergistic effect on water pH reduction. These results suggest that a reasonable combination of steel slag with red soil and rice straw not only simultaneously removes NO(3)(-)-N and P but also additionally solves the problem of high pH caused by steel slag.
摘要：
Increased planting densities boost crop yields. A compact plant architecture facilitates dense planting. However, the mechanisms regulating compact plant architecture in cucurbits remain unclear. In this study, we identified a cucumber (Cucumis sativus) compact plant architecture (cpa1) mutant from an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized library that exhibited distinctive phenotypic traits, including reduced leaf petiole angle and leaf size. The candidate mutation causes a premature stop codon in CsaV3_1G036420, which shares similarity to Arabidopsis HOOKLESS 1 (HLS1) encoding putative histone N-acetyltransferase (HAT) protein and was named CsHLS1. Consistent with the mutant phenotype, CsHLS1 was predominantly expressed in leaf petiole bases and leaves. Constitutive overexpressing CsHLS1 in cpa1 restored the wild-type plant architecture. Knockout of CsHLS1 resulted in reduces leaf petiole angle and leaf size and as well as decreased acetylation levels. Furthermore, CsHLS1 directly interacted with CsSCL28 and negatively regulated compact plant architecture in cucumber. Importantly, CsHLS1 knockout increased the photosynthesis rate and leaf nitrogen in cucumbers, thereby maintaining cucumber yield at normal density. Overall, our research provides valuable genetic breeding resource and gene target for creating a compact plant architecture for dense cucumber planting.
