Based on the research hypothesis of the impact of commitment-based human resource management practice and its internal fit with ambidextrous innovation capability ,an empirical study of 118 Chinese enterprises shows that diversified recruit and dimen- sional training have positive impact on the exploitation capability; results-oriented performance appraisal and employee participation have positive impact on the exploration capability; and the internal fit human resource management has positive impact on both. This paper reveals the impact of commitment-based human resource management practice ...