PVAR model is used to analyze 30 provincial panel data from 1997 to 2010 and study dynamic relationship and regional heterogeneity between rural human capital and farmers' income. Then,based on"Poor but Efficient"hypothesis and"Middle Income Trap Theory",detailed analysis has been made to explain the reasons of regional heterogeneity of rural human capital on farmers' income. The result shows that there are significant regional heterogeneity on the impact of human capital to rural farmers' income:In the economically underdeveloped regio...