Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on phosphotungstic acid-TiO2 composites (PT) and WO3 nanoparticle incorporated TiO2 photoanodes were successfully constructed by doctor blading TiO2 paste containing PT and various amounts of WO3. Film features were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Photoelectrochemical properties were examined by the photocurrentvoltage (J-V) curves as well as monochromatic incident photon-to-photocurrent conversion efficiency and ele...