This paper analyses Chinese rural labor outflow to food production effects of different rural areas from provin -cial level by the panel data model .The results show: agricultural manpower and grain yield are positively correlated in China's eastern and central regions , indicating that rural labor outflow is not conducive to the long-term grain production in the two ar-eas; agricultural manpower and grain yield are negatively related , indicating that rural labor outflow is conducive to the devel-opment of grain production in western region; As for the whole country , agricultural manpower an...