摘要：
Biochar and organic fertilizer are widely supported to maintain crop production and sustainable development of agroecosystems. However, it is unclear how biochar and organic fertilizer alone or in combination regulate soil functional microbiomes and their relationships to ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Herein, a long-term (started in 2013) field experiment, containing five fertilization treatments, was employed to explore the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer applications on the EMF (based on 18 functional indicators of crop productivity, soil nutrient supply, element cycling, and microbial biomass) and the functional microbiomes of bulk soil and rhizosphere soil [normalizing the abundances of 64 genes related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulphur (S) cycles]. Compared with single-chemical fertilization, biochar and organic fertilizer inputs significantly enhanced most ecosystem-single functions and, in particular, the EMF significantly increased by 18.7-30.1%; biochar and organic fertilizer applications significantly increased the abundances of soil microbial functional taxa related to C-N-P-S cycles to varying degree. The combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer showed a better improvement in these indicators compared to using them individually. Most functional microbial populations in the soil, especially the taxa involved in C degradation, nitrification, nitrate-reduction, organic P mineralization, and S cycling showed significantly positive associations with the EMF at different threshold levels, which ultimately was regulated by soil pH and nutrient availability. These results highlight the strong links between soil microbiomes and agroecosystem functions, as well as providing scientific support for inclusion of biochar in agricultural production and services with organic amendments. 8-year field evidence revealed impacts of biochar and pig manure on soil functional microbiome and ecosystem functions.Biochar and pig manure inputs notably enhanced most ecosystem-single functions and the EMF increased by 18.7-30.1%.Biochar and pig manure inputs notably enriched soil functional microbes related to C-N-P-S cycles to varying degree.Increase in EMF was related to microbe-driven soil processes such as C degradation, nitrification, and Po mineralization.Inclusion of biochar in crop production with organic amendments could enhance agro-ecosystem functions and services.
摘要：
An accurate and nondestructive prediction method of lime acidity was established based on near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and ensemble learning strategy. Dual-band spectra were obtained nondestructively with a single scan using a desk-top Fourier transform spectrometer and a grating portable spectrometer. Spectral preprocessing methods were used to eliminate the interferences in the spectra. The quantification models of available acidity (pH and 10−pH) and total acidity (TA) were developed with the ensemble learning strategy compared with partial least squares (PLS) and variable selection methods. The results indicated that due to the high-energy light source, the models of the grating portable spectrometer were much better than those of the Fourier transform spectrometer. Short-wave NIR (SWNIR) was more suitable for quantitative analysis of available acidity, while long-wave NIR (LWNIR) was more effective for quantitative analysis of TA. Besides, the models of available acidity were ahead of those of TA. Compared with PLS and variables selection methods, the ensemble learning strategy can produce models with higher prediction accuracy and better robustness. In the optimized models, the correlation coefficients of pH, 10−pH and TA for the prediction set were 0.84, 0.82 and 0.66, respectively. The experiment results show that accurate and nondestructive prediction of lime acidity can be achieved with the grating portable NIR spectrometer and ensemble learning strategy.
作者机构：
[Wu, Haoyang; Wang, Jinyu; Peng, Yi; Lv, Peiyuan; Lin, Jiaji] Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China;[Wu, Haoyang; Wang, Jinyu; Lv, Peiyuan; Lin, Jiaji] Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China;[Bennett, Brian] Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, United States;[Wang, Jiajia] Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;[Li, Pishun] College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Epigenetic regulators present novel opportunities for both ischemic stroke research and therapeutic interventions. While previous work has implicated that they may provide neuroprotection by potentially influencing coordinated sets of genes and pathways, most of them remain largely uncharacterized in ischemic conditions. In this study, we used the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in the immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT-22 and carried out an RNAi screen on epigenetic regulators. PRMT5 was identified as a novel negative regulator of neuronal cell survival after OGD, which presented a phenotype of translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus upon oxygen and energy depletion both in vitro and in vivo. PRMT5 bound to the chromatin and a large number of promoter regions to repress downstream gene expression. Silencing Prmt5 significantly dampened the OGD-induced changes for a large-scale of genes, and gene ontology analysis showed that PRMT5-target genes were highly enriched for Hedgehog signaling. Encouraged by the above observation, mice were treated with middle cerebral artery occlusion with the PRMT5 inhibitor EPZ015666 and found that PRMT5 inhibition sustains protection against neuronal death in vivo. Together, these findings revealed a novel epigenetic mechanism of PRMT5 in cerebral ischemia and uncovered a potential target for neuroprotection.
通讯机构：
[Zehe Song] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
作者机构：
[Ouyang, Zan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Water Resource & Civil Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xinfang; Tian, Juncang] Ningxia Univ, Sch Civil & Hydraul Engn, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xinfang; Tian, Juncang] Ningxia Univ, Engn Technol Res Ctr Water Saving Irrigat & Water, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Xinfang; Tian, Juncang] Ningxia Univ, Engn Res Ctr Efficient Utilizat Modern Agr Water R, Minist Educ, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ouyang, Z ] H;[Tian, JC ] N;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Water Resource & Civil Engn, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Ningxia Univ, Sch Civil & Hydraul Engn, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.;Ningxia Univ, Engn Technol Res Ctr Water Saving Irrigat & Water, Yinchuan 750021, Peoples R China.
关键词：
brackish water drip irrigation;photosynthetic characteristics;dry matter accumulation;soil microorganisms
摘要：
Water shortages and soil salinization are the bottlenecks of sustainable agricultural development in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Brackish water as a supplementary water source for agricultural irrigation is an important way to solve the shortage of agricultural water resources in arid regions. To study the effect of the mineralization degree of irrigation water (MIW) on the yield and quality of greenhouse fruit cucumber in arid, semi-arid, and cold regions, the effects of MIW on the photosynthesis, yield, and quality of greenhouse fruit cucumber, as well as the soil microorganisms and enzyme activity, were evaluated based on observed data from spring–summer (S−S) and autumn–winter (A−W). In this study, fruit cucumbers from Ningxia sunlight greenhouses were studied in a comparative experimental design with four MIW levels (CK, 2.8–3.0 g L−1; S1, 1.9–2.3 g L−1; S2, 1.2–1.4 g L−1; S3, 0.3–0.5 g L−1) where CK was used as the control treatment. The main indicators of fruit cucumber yield and fruit quality increased with MIW from 0.3 g L−1 to 3.0 g L−1. Compared with CK, the leaf area index (LAI) and net photosynthetic rate (A) of S3 of S−S (A−W) increased by 17.92% (26.32%) and 112.89% (17.68%), respectively. Vitamin C, soluble protein, and nitrate contents increased by 118.75% (24.92%), 41.67% (28.89%), and 43.09% (41.90%), respectively. The soil respiration rate (SRR) increased by 46.51% (90.48%). The yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased by 35.98% (27.94%) and 12.95% (10.64%), respectively. A model of MIW and soil EC was developed and the applicability of the model was verified, with relative errors ranging from 2.7% to 7.8% (less than 10%). Within the experimental range, irrigation with lower MIW, which facilitated the increase in soil microbial load and soil respiration rate, promoted fruit cucumber growth, A, yield, and DMA, but was not conducive to fruit sugar accumulation; higher MIW was more conducive to improving fruit quality. The comprehensive assessment determined that the better MIW was 0.3–0.5 g L−1 (S3). The results of the study provide a feasible way to improve the quality and efficiency of greenhouse crops irrigated with brackish water in arid and semi-arid cold regions.
作者机构：
[Liu, Dongbo; Zhang, Zhixu] State Key Lab Subhlth Intervent Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Dongbo; Zhang, Zhixu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Qin, Dan] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Guo, Xin] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Sci, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Lin, Haiyan] Natl Res Ctr Engn Technol Utilizat Ingredients Bot, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Guo, X ] C;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Coll Sci, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Adsorption;Carbon dots;Pb(II);Starch
摘要：
The adsorption removal of lead (Pb) ions has become a crucial area of research due to the potential health hazards associated with Pb contamination. Developing cost-effective adsorbents for the removal of Pb(II) ions is significantly important. Hence, a novel fluorescent starch-based hydrogel (FSH) using starch (ST), cellulose nanofibrils (CN), and carbon dots (CD) was fabricated for simultaneous adsorption and detection of Pb(II). A comprehensive characterization of FSH, including its morphological features, chemical composition, and fluorescence characteristics, was conducted. Notably, FSH exhibited a maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of 265.9mg/g, which was 13.0 times higher than that of pure ST. Moreover, FSH was employed as a fluorescent sensor for Pb(II) determination, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06μg/L. An analysis was further performed to investigate the adsorption and detection mechanisms of Pb(II) utilizing FSH. This study provides valuable insights into the production of a novel cost-effective ST-based adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions.
摘要：
Purple tea, renowned for its anthocyanin content and distinctive purple hue, has gained prominence. The anthocyanin content in purple tea can exceed three times that of traditional green-leaf tea. Purple tea harbors various anthocyanins, implicating intricate pathways of biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation. Concurrently, owing to its distinctive chemical composition, the processing of purple tea may be constrained, potentially influencing the sensory attributes and flavor profile of the tea. The richness of anthocyanins in purple tea has yielded potential health benefits, including antioxidative and anti-cancer properties, rendering purple tea a sought-after commodity in the tea market. However, current research on purple tea remains incomplete, including indistinct networks of anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms, incomplete chemical characterization, and a need for comprehensive investigations into its biological activities. The limited research foundation has greatly reduced the popularity and consumption of purple tea. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in the biosynthesis and regulation of anthocyanins, as well as the chemical compositions, processing, and health benefits of purple tea. This review will provide the groundwork for future efforts in the selection and innovation of purple tea germplasm, purple tea processing, and the expansion of the market for purple tea consumption.
摘要：
Uncaria rhynchophylla is an evergreen vine plant, belonging to the Rubiaceae family, that is rich in terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) that have therapeutic effects on hypertension and Alzheimer's disease. GATA transcription factors (TF) are a class of transcription regulators that participate in the light response regulation, chlorophyll synthesis, and metabolism, with the capability to bind to GATA cis-acting elements in the promoter region of target genes. Currently the charactertics of GATA TFs in U. rhynchophylla and how different light qualities affect the expression of GATA and key enzyme genes, thereby affecting the changes in U. rhynchophylla alkaloids have not been investigated. In this study, 25 UrGATA genes belonging to four subgroups were identified based on genome-wide analysis. Intraspecific collinearity analysis revealed that only segmental duplications were identified among the UrGATA gene family. Collinearity analysis of GATA genes between U. rhynchophylla and four representative plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Coffea Canephora, and Catharanthus roseus was also performed. U. rhynchophylla seedlings grown in either red lights or under reduced light intensity had altered TIAs content after 21 days. Gene expression analysis reveal a complex pattern of expression from the 25 UrGATA genes as well as a number of key TIA enzyme genes. UrGATA7 and UrGATA8 were found to have similar expression profiles to key enzyme TIA genes in response to altered light treatments, implying that they may be involved in the regulation TIA content. In this research, we comprehensively analyzed the UrGATA TFs, and offered insight into the involvement of UrGATA TFs from U. rhynchophylla in TIAs biosynthesis.
期刊：
Current Plant Biology,2024年38:100330 ISSN：2214-6628
通讯作者：
Huan Zhao<&wdkj&>Qi Tang
作者机构：
[Yingying Shao; Detian Mu; Zhiguo Lu; Yu Zhou; Ying Lu; Lina Zhu; Yao Zhang; Xinghui Liu; Qi Tang] College of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Limei Pan; Ya Qin] Guangxi Key Laboratory of for High-Quality Formation and Utilization of Dao-Di Herbs, National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China;[Huan Zhao] School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;[Deyou Qiu] State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
通讯机构：
[Huan Zhao] S;[Qi Tang] C;College of Horticulture, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
摘要：
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Gouteng), as an evergreen woody vine belong to Rubiaceae family, is a traditional medicinal herb in China. Its terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), which have good antidepressant and combined therapeutic effects on Alzheimer's disease, have attracted widespread attention. However, the content of TIAs is relatively low in U.rhynchophylla, which is unable to meet the growing market demand. The basic helix loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family exists in all three eukaryotic kingdoms and can participate in regulating secondary metabolite pathways. So far, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the bHLH gene in U. rhynchophylla, and their role in TIAs is almost unknown. In this study, a total of 171 UrbHLH genes (UrbHLHs) were unevenly distributed on 22 chromosomes and divided into 23 subfamilies. In addition, the physicochemical properties of UrbHLHs were analyzed. Most UrbHLHs in each subgroup had similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Intraspecific collinearity analysis showed that UrbHLH1 may be related to the biosynthesis of TIAs. Subcellular localization experiments revealed that UrbHLH1 is located in the nucleus; Dual luciferase reporter gene analysis (Dual-LUC) showed that UrbHLH1 could activate the expression of UrG10H and Ur10HGO in the TIAs synthesis pathway of U. rhynchophylla. Finally, using yeast one hybrid (Y1H) it was found that the promoter regions of these two genes both have E-box binding elements, which can be bound by UrbHLH1 and produced strong interactions. Therefore, UrbHLH1 may participate in the synthesis of TIAs pathway. In conclusion, this study provides foundation data on the role of UrbHLH transcription factors in regulating TIAs of U. rhynchophylla.
摘要：
Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for biodegradation and transformation of industrial toxic substances such as catechol (CA) has received widespread attention, but the low tolerance of S. cerevisiae to CA has limited its development. The exploration and modification of genes or pathways related to CA tolerance in S. cerevisiae is an effective way to further improve the utilization efficiency of CA. This study identified 36 genes associated with CA tolerance in S. cerevisiae through genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analysis and the ERG6 knockout strain (ERG6Δ) is the most sensitive to CA. Based on the omics analysis of ERG6Δ under CA stress, it was found that ERG6 knockout affects pathways such as intrinsic component of membrane and pentose phosphate pathway. In addition, the study revealed that 29 genes related to the cell wall-membrane system were up-regulated by more than twice, NADPH and NADP(+) were increased by 2.48 and 4.41 times respectively, and spermidine and spermine were increased by 2.85 and 2.14 times, respectively, in ERG6Δ. Overall, the response of cell wall-membrane system, the accumulation of spermidine and NADPH, as well as the increased levels of metabolites in pentose phosphate pathway are important findings in improving the CA resistance. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the tolerance of strains to CA and reducing the damage caused by CA to the ecological environment and human health.
关键词：
Quaternary molten salt;Co doping;Adjustable disordered/ordered phase ratio;Lithium ion batteries
摘要：
The electrochemical performances of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) materials are strongly correlated with the ratio of disordered to ordered phases. Nevertheless, there are few reports on the adjustment of ordered and disordered phase ratio. In this paper, the ratio of ordered to disordered phases in LNMO is successfully adjusted by using a quaternary molten salt, which is proven by XRD refinement, FT-IR, and XPS. Reductive quaternary molten salt and Co doping are favorable for Ni/Mn cation disorder, leading to the increased disordered phase. LNMO with an appropriate ratio of ordered to disordered phases can exhibit enhanced electronic/ionic transfer rate and structural stability, revealed by electrochemical tests and ex situ characterizations. Therefore, the optimized material delivers a reversible capacity of 121 mA h g-1 at 20 mA g-1 and a long cyclic life with 61 mA h g- 1 at 1000 mA g-1 over 1200 cycles. The present work offers a new idea for achieving a regulated ratio of ordered to disordered phases in LNMO.
摘要：
Acute colitis is a complex disease that can lead to dysregulation of the gut flora, inducing more complex parenteral diseases. Dandelion polysaccharides (DPSs) may have potential preventive and therapeutic effects on enteritis. In this study, LPS was used to induce enteritis and VC was used as a positive drug control to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of DPS on enteritis. The results showed that DPS could repair the intestinal barrier, down-regulate the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and other pro-inflammatory factors, up-regulate the expression of IL-22 anti-inflammatory factor, improve the antioxidant capacity of the body, and improve the structure of intestinal flora. It is proved that DPS can effectively prevent and treat LPS-induced acute enteritis and play a positive role in promoting intestinal health.
摘要：
The simultaneous nitrate (NO(3)(-)-N) and phosphorus (P) removal systems are considered to be an effective wastewater treatment technology. However, so far, there are few studies on system optimization to improve NO(3)(-)-N and P removal. In this study, nine simultaneous NO(3)(-)-N and P removal biofilters (SNPBs) were constructed to treat simulated wastewater. In order to optimize the NO(3)(-)-N and P removal, different material loading positions were set: (1) red soil, steel slag, and rice straw (RSR), (2) steel slag, red soil, and rice straw (SRR), and (3) red soil, rice straw, and steel slag (RRS). Results showed that the above three treatments had mean removal efficiencies of 58%-91% for NO(3)(-)-N and 55%-81% for TP, with the best N and P removal occurring in the SRR. The TN mass balance indicated that microbial removal was responsible for 78.2% of the influent TN in the SRR biofilter. The key microorganisms were Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Diaphorobacter, and unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae, which accounted for 61.9% of the total microorganisms. The main P-removal mechanism was the formation of Al-P, Fe-P, and Ca-P in red soil or steel slag layer. In addition, the decrease of SRR effluent pH from 11.86 in 1-7 days to 7.75 in 8-50 days indicated that red soil and rice straw had a synergistic effect on water pH reduction. These results suggest that a reasonable combination of steel slag with red soil and rice straw not only simultaneously removes NO(3)(-)-N and P but also additionally solves the problem of high pH caused by steel slag.
摘要：
Increased planting densities boost crop yields. A compact plant architecture facilitates dense planting. However, the mechanisms regulating compact plant architecture in cucurbits remain unclear. In this study, we identified a cucumber (Cucumis sativus) compact plant architecture (cpa1) mutant from an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized library that exhibited distinctive phenotypic traits, including reduced leaf petiole angle and leaf size. The candidate mutation causes a premature stop codon in CsaV3_1G036420, which shares similarity to Arabidopsis HOOKLESS 1 (HLS1) encoding putative histone N-acetyltransferase (HAT) protein and was named CsHLS1. Consistent with the mutant phenotype, CsHLS1 was predominantly expressed in leaf petiole bases and leaves. Constitutive overexpressing CsHLS1 in cpa1 restored the wild-type plant architecture. Knockout of CsHLS1 resulted in reduces leaf petiole angle and leaf size and as well as decreased acetylation levels. Furthermore, CsHLS1 directly interacted with CsSCL28 and negatively regulated compact plant architecture in cucumber. Importantly, CsHLS1 knockout increased the photosynthesis rate and leaf nitrogen in cucumbers, thereby maintaining cucumber yield at normal density. Overall, our research provides valuable genetic breeding resource and gene target for creating a compact plant architecture for dense cucumber planting.
