作者：
Dunwen Liu;Wanmao Zhang;Yinghua Jian*;Yu Tang;Kunpeng Cao
期刊：
Construction and Building Materials,2024年419:135380 ISSN：0950-0618
通讯作者：
Yinghua Jian
作者机构：
[Dunwen Liu; Wanmao Zhang; Yinghua Jian; Kunpeng Cao] School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Yu Tang] School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China<&wdkj&>College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Yinghua Jian] S;School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
摘要：
More and more researchers are focusing on the service condition of operational tunnel structures. In sulfate strata, tunnel lining structures are frequently affected by sulfate erosion, resulting in structural damage. However, the fracture evolution law and destabilization damage precursors of lining structures after erosion are not clear at present. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the failure precursors of concrete subjected to sulfate erosion by testing the uniaxial compressive strength and acoustic emission (AE) phenomenon of the specimens. The b-value in the G-R law was utilized to characterize the damage precursors of the concrete specimens during the loading process. The results indicated that the b-value changes during the loading process of the specimens exhibited distinct three-stage characteristics. Moreover, the high concentration of sulfate erosion resulted in the expansion of numerous pore-fracture structures within the concrete, and the AE was more active at all stages. Furthermore, the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) method was employed to analyze the multifractal characteristics of the AE sequences at different stages. The findings revealed that the multifractal intensity of the AE sequences at different stages of uniaxial compression of eroded concrete is greater. In addition, for the non-eroded concrete specimen, the multifractal eigenvalue ∆fα is slightly higher during the pore-fracture compaction stage, which was dominated by weak AE signals. Strong AE signals dominate during the yielding stage, resulting in greater fluctuations in the multifractal eigenvalue ∆fα and a significant decrease in the AE b-value. In contrast, the eroded concrete specimens exhibited smaller eigenvalues ∆fα during the pore-fracture compaction stage, indicating more strong AE signals. During the yield stage, the specimens showed a decreasing trend in ∆fα , accompanied by fluctuating b-value. Overall, the AE multifractal characteristics and b-value of concrete specimens are correlated and can be used to characterize the damage precursors of concrete subjected to sulfate erosion. The conclusions of the study are of theoretical significance and application value for the stability monitoring and damage prediction of tunnel linings in sulfate formations.
摘要：
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the major viral pathogens leading to reproductive disorders in swine. However, little is known about the effects of PRV infection on porcine reproductive system. Ovarian granulosa cells are somatic cells surrounding oocytes in ovary and required for folliculogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the interference of PRV on functions of porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. Primary granulosa cells were isolated from porcine ovaries. To investigate the PRV infectivity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to check the presence of viral particles, and the expression of viral gE gene was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in PRV-inoculated cells. After PRV infection, cell viability was detected by MTS assay, Ki67 for proliferative status was determined by immunofluorescence assay (IFA), cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) were determined by radioimmunoassay. The checkpoint genes of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins were studied by qPCR and western blotting. Virus particles were observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of PRV-infected granulosa cells by TEM imaging, and the expression of viral gE gene increased in a time-dependent manner post infection. PRV infection inhibited cell viability and blocked cell cycle at S phase in porcine granulosa cells, accompanied by decreases in expression of Ki67 protein and checkpoint genes related to S phase. Radioimmunoassay revealed decreased levels in P4 and E2, and the expressions of key steroidogenic enzymes were also down-regulated post PRV-infection. In addition, PRV induced apoptosis with an increase in Bax expression and activation of caspase 9, and the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and p38 MAPKs were significantly up-regulated in porcine ovarian granulosa cells post PRV infection. The data indicate that PRV causes infection on porcine ovarian granulosa cells and interferes the cell functions through apoptosis, and the MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the viral pathogenesis.
作者机构：
[Qi, Hui; Zhang, Haiqing; Yan, Yuntao; He, Jiwai; Zhu, Xiaoya] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 420128, China;[Qi, Hui] Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
摘要：
With the sharp increase of the global population, adequate food supply is a great challenge. Grain size is an essential determinant of rice yield and quality. It is a typical quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. In this paper, we summarized the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that have been molecularly characterized and provided a comprehensive summary of the regulation mechanism and genetic pathways of rice grain size. These pathways include the ubiquitin-proteasome system, G-protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phytohormone, transcriptional factors, abiotic stress. In addition, we discuss the possible application of advanced molecular biology methods and reasonable breeding strategies, and prospective on the development of high-yielding and high-quality rice varieties using molecular biology techniques.
摘要：
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of seriously hazardous environmental contaminants, have attracted extensive attention due to their carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and ubiquity. In this work, the excellent hydrophobic trifluoromethyl-enriched covalent organic framework (CF(3)-COF) was designed and synthesized as coating of solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The CF(3)-COF offered a high adsorption selectivity for PAHs, which could be attributed to the multiple interactions between the CF(3)-COF and PAHs, including hydrophobicity interaction, π-π and H bond interactions. Furthermore, headspace (HS) and direct immersion (DI) dual-mode solid-phase microextraction (HS/DI-SPME) were innovatively integrated as a dual-mode extraction by varying the length of SPME coating on stainless-steel, which could simultaneously and efficiently extract 16 PAHs with different volatile. Amazingly, the proposed strategy achieved fast adsorption for PAHs and shortened the adsorption equilibrium time to 15min. By further integrating with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), PAHs could be detected in the range of 0.008-0.16ngmL(-1) with a quantitative limit of 0.029-0.47ngmL(-1), respectively. The recoveries of PAHs in water samples ranged from 80.84 to 117.67%. This work indicates that the dual-mode CF(3)-COF-SPME is a promising candidate for the enrichment of multiple hazardous substances in complicated samples.
摘要：
Lemon essential oil (LEO) is a common natural antibacterial substance, and encapsulating LEO into nanoemulsions (NEs) can improve their stability and broaden its application. Our study aimed to investigate the bacterial inhibitory effect of LEO-NEs against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LEO-NEs was 6.25mg/mL, and the time-kill curve showed that E. coli were significantly killed by LEO-NEs after 5h of treatment at 1MIC. Flow-cytometry analysis showed that LEO-NEs adversely affected the cell-membrane depolarisation, cell-membrane integrity, and efflux pump function of E. coli. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that 8MIC of LEO-NEs induced changes in the cell-membrane permeability and cell-wall integrity of E. coli. Proteomic results suggested that the mode of action LEO-NEs against E. coli was to enhance bacterial chemotaxis and significantly inhibit ribosomal assembly. They may also affect butyric acid, ascorbic acid and aldehyde metabolism, and sulphur-relay system pathways. In conclusion, LEO-NEs had potential application as a natural antibacterial agent for the control of E. coli in the food industry.
关键词：
Soil organic matter;Spatial prediction;Digital soil mapping;Sampling density optimization;Random forest
摘要：
Purpose Spatial prediction of soil organic matter (SOM) in cultivated land is crucial for evaluating soil productivity and its role in terrestrial carbon cycling. Cultivated soils in mountainous regions are commonly scattered on the footslope whereas those in the plain regions are continuously planar distributed; hence, they are quite different in the degree of variation in soil-forming factors and thereby the soil properties including SOM. Materials and methods In this study, we used the digital soil mapping approach (DSM) to predict SOM (0-20 cm) in cultivated soils in a hill-mountain region, Longshan County (LS), and a plain-platform region, Nanxian County (NX), which are both located at the same latitude in Southern China. By using 6746 and 9571 soil sampling points for LS and NX, respectively, together with 33 environmental covariates, the optimal spatial interpolation models and the reasonable sample strategy were carefully discussed. Results and discussion Descriptive statistical results showed that SOM in LS and NX were both moderate variations (coefficient variation, 0.34) and were approximately normal distribution. SOM in NX was strongly spatially dependent while SOM in LS was a moderate spatial dependence. The conditional Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) was more appropriate compared with the Simple Random Sampling (SRS) as the sampling strategy. The optimal model for predicting cultivated land SOM was the Random Forest (RF) model for both LS and NX. The prediction accuracy was positively correlated with the sampling density. Specifically, to obtain a high prediction accuracy, the reasonable sampling density for SOM in LS should be controlled at >= 4.0 per km(2), higher than that in NX (>= 2.0 per km(2)). Conclusions The combination of cLHS and the RF model probably is the best choice for cultivated land SOM spatial prediction in different terrains. Therefore, our results provide a basis for future DSM of SOM in similar regions and help optimize soil sampling density.
摘要：
The fall armyworm, known as Spodoptera frugiperda, is a notorious invasive pest wreaking havoc on agricultural crops globally. In the course of this study, a novel variant of the S. litura multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltMNPV-T0) was isolated from S. litura larvae found on tobacco plants in China. This research delved into the molecular and biological characteristics of SpltMNPV-T0. Electron microscopy revealed that this variant exhibited the characteristics features of a baculovirus. The complete genome of SpltMNPV-T0 was 137,925 bp in length, with a G + C content of 42.88 %, housing a total of 130 open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetically, this variant was similar to the published genome of the SpltMNPV-G2 strain, aligning itself with the Alphabaculovirus group II. However, it distinguished itself from the SpltMNPV-II in terms of sequence similarity (76.45 %), shared ORFs (only 63 genes in common), and gene order (exhibiting inversion and reordering). Crucially, SpltMNPV-T0 demonstrated notable effectiveness in controlling third-instar larvae of S. frugiperda and S. litura. Furthermore, the virulence of crude SpltMNPV-T0 matched that of the commercially available virus-based pesticide (SpltMNPV-KY), as evident in terms of mortality rates and speed of kill. These findings yield valu able insights into the molecular biology and functional genomics of this newly discovered variant, characterized by its high virulence. Such knowledge holds promise for advancing bio-control technologies aimed at mitigating the destructive impact of the pest S. frugiperda.
摘要：
Hydrochar serves not only as a fuel source but also as a versatile carbon material that has found extensive application across various domains. The application performance of hydrochar, e.g., energy recovery and carbon stability, is substantially influenced by its mass yield, higher heating value (HHV), and compositions (C, H, O, N, S, and ash), so the prediction and engineering of these properties is promising. In this study, two machine learning algorithms, namely gradient boosting regression (GBR) and random forest (RF), were used to predict the hydrochar properties mentioned above. The GBR models (with test regression coefficient (R2) values of 0.87-0.98 for single-target prediction and average test R2 of 0.93 for multi-target prediction) exhibited superior predictive capabilities to the RF models (with test R2 of 0.78-0.97 for single-target and average test R2 of 0.90 for multi-target prediction). The interpretation of ML models revealed the importance ranking of features for all targets. Then, engineering hydrochar was carried out through three different optimizations to the as-built multi target prediction model: i) optimizations of HTC conditions for given biomass samples; ii) optimization of biomass mixture recipes; iii) simultaneous optimization of both biomass mixing recipes and HTC conditions.
期刊：
International Immunopharmacology,2024年129:111653 ISSN：1567-5769
通讯作者：
Jing Wu<&wdkj&>Chenglin Yang
作者机构：
[Wang, Siqi; Li, Yuanyuan; Ning, Can; Fan, Hui; Xiao, Wenguang; Wu, You; Yuan, Zhihang; Wang, Yongkang; Kong, Xiangyi; Wu, Aoao] Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Liang, Zengenni] Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;[Liang, Zengenni] Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China;[Wu, Jing] Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. Electronic address: wujing@hunau.edu.cn;[Yang, Chenglin] Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. Electronic address: chenglin4698@163.com
通讯机构：
[Jing Wu; Chenglin Yang] H;Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
T-2 toxin, an unavoidable contaminant in animal feeds, can induce oxidative stress and damage immune organs. Melatonin (MT), a natural and potent antioxidant, has shown promise as a detoxifier for various mycotoxins. However, the detoxifying effect of MT on T-2 toxin has not been previously reported. In order to investigate the protective effect of MT added to diets on the immune system of T-2 toxin-exposed piglets, twenty piglets weaned at 28d of age were randomly divided into control, T-2 toxin (1mg/kg), MT (5mg/kg), and T-2 toxin (1mg/kg)+MT (5mg/kg) groups(n=5 per group). Our results demonstrated that MT mitigated T-2 toxin-induced histoarchitectural alterations in the spleen and thymus, such as hemorrhage, decreased white pulp size in the spleen, and medullary cell sparing in the thymus. Further research revealed that MT promoted the expression of Nrf2 and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD, while reducing the production of the lipid peroxidation product MDA. Moreover, MT inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway, regulated the expression of downstream cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1. MT also suppressed the activation of caspase-3 while down-regulating the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 to reduce apoptosis. Additionally, MT ameliorated the T-2 toxin-induced disorders of immune cells and immune molecules in the blood. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MT may effectively protect the immune system of piglets against T-2 toxin-induced damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in the spleen and thymus. Therefore, MT holds the potential as an antidote for T-2 toxin poisoning.
摘要：
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a pivotal component of the biogeochemical cycles and can combine with metal ions through chelation or complexation. Understanding this process is crucial for tracing metal solubility, mobility, and bioavailability. Fluorescence excitation emission matrix (EEM) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) has emerged as a popular tool in deciphering DOM-metal interactions. In this review, we primarily discuss the advantages of EEM-PARAFAC compared with other algorithms and its main limitations in studying DOM-metal binding, including restrictions in spectral considerations, mathematical assumptions, and experimental procedures, as well as how to overcome these constraints and shortcomings. We summarize the principles of EEM to uncover DOM-metal association, including why fluorescence gets quenched and some potential mechanisms that affect the accuracy of fluorescence quenching. Lastly, we review some significant and innovative research, including the application of 2D-COS in DOM-metal binding analysis, hoping to provide a fresh perspective for possible future hotspots of study. We argue the expansion of EEM applications to a broader range of areas related to natural organic matter. This extension would facilitate our exploration of the mobility and fate of metals in the environment.
