期刊：
Postharvest Biology and Technology,2024年212:112890 ISSN：0925-5214
通讯作者：
Shang Guo
作者机构：
[Hongrui Lv; Zhenzhen Wu; Xiaojie Nan; Min Zhu; Kai Mao] Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China;College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Shang Guo] Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China<&wdkj&>College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Shang Guo] S;Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China<&wdkj&>College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
Daylily flower buds are a good source of nutrients and contain lots of bioactive compounds, but they are subject to deterioration after harvest, which limits the taste and consumer satisfaction. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been regarded as an important gaseous signaling molecule, which could prolong postharvest freshness of fruits and vegetables. The present study aims to investigate the effects of H2S on postharvest quality and metabolism changes of daylily flower buds during storage. The results showed that 3.2 mM NaHS (H2S donor) effectively inhibited weight loss, blooming and decay of daylily during storage. H2S application markedly reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde and H2O2. H2S treatment also delayed the loss of total protein and antioxidant glutathione, and maintained the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase at higher level compared to control group. Widely targeted metabolomics identified various differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) during storage and with H2S treatment of daylily. These DAMs largely distributed in the classes of amino acids, organic acids, sugars and alcohols, terpenoids. A special focus was given to 303 common DAMs between the comparison of CK0 vs. CK6 and CK6 vs. T6, of which the DAMs were mainly enriched in the KEGG pathways of monobactam biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Four DAMs including Cytidine 5′-Monophosphate, Fumaric Acid, Hydroxypyruvic Acid, 2′-Deoxycytidine-5′-Monophosphoric Acid exhibited great downregulation during storage, and H2S treatment dramatically recovered their relative contents. This study indicated that H2S treatment offers the potential to preserve the quality of daylily flower buds and extend their postharvest life.
作者机构：
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410000 , China;Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125 , China;State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070 , China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070 , China;[Tongxing Song; Yucheng Zhu; Zhibo Liu; Jiacheng Yang; Yanxu Han; Shiyu Tao; Zhuqing Ren] College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070 , China
通讯机构：
[Jinshui Zheng] S;[Bie Tan] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410000 , China<&wdkj&>Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125 , China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070 , China<&wdkj&>Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070 , China
摘要：
Postnatal growth retardation (PGR) frequently occurs during early postnatal development of piglets and induces high mortality. To date, the mechanism of PGR remains poorly understood. Adipose tissue-derived microbes have been documented to be associated with several disorders of metabolism and body growth. However, the connection between microbial disturbance of adipose tissue and pig PGR remains unclear. Here, we investigated piglets with PGR and found that the adipose tissue of PGR piglets was characterized by metabolism impairment, adipose abnormality, and specific enrichment of culturable bacteria from Proteobacteria. Gavage of Sphingomonas paucimobilis, a species of Sphingomonas genus from the alphaproteobacteria, induced PGR in piglets. Moreover, this bacterium could also lead to metabolic disorders and susceptibility to acute stress, resulting in weight loss in mice. Mechanistically, multi-omics analysis indicated the changes in lipid metabolism as a response of adipose tissue to abnormal microbial composition. Further experimental tests proved that one of the altered lipids phosphatidylethanolamines could rescue the metabolism disorder and growth retardation, thereby suppressing the amount of Sphingomonas in the adipose tissue. Together, these results highlight that the microbe–host crosstalk may regulate the metabolic function of adipose tissue in response to PGR.
摘要：
<bold>Background:</bold> Chlamydia is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that is pathogenic for humans and a large variety of veterinary animal species. However, there is no continuous monitoring of chlamydia infection data in pigs in Hunan province, southern China. Therefore, in order to evaluate the seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with Chlamydia infection in pigs within this region, a comprehensive study was conducted. <bold>Methods:</bold> A total of 3848 serum samples were collected from pigs (from farmers and companies) between May 2017 and August 2018. The presence of specific antibodies against Chlamydia was determined through the employment of the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). <bold>Results:</bold> The overall seroprevalence of Chlamydia was determined to be 26.90% (1038/3848, 95% confidence interval: 25.60-28.40). By employing statistical analysis using SPSS software (p < 0.05), factors such as altitude, sampling regions, and rearing systems of pigs were identified as potential risk factors for Chlamydia infection. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> These findings elucidate a substantial prevalence of Chlamydia in pigs within the mountainous region of Hunan province, southern China, thereby highlighting a potential risk to human health. These results underscore the need for proactive measures and targeted interventions to mitigate the transmission of Chlamydia in porcine populations, safeguarding both animal welfare and public health.
期刊：
Postharvest Biology and Technology,2024年212:112846 ISSN：0925-5214
通讯作者：
Yihe Yu
作者机构：
[Yihan Yue; Xiaochun Zhao; Yadan Sun; Qiaofang Shi; Yihe Yu] College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China;[Shengdi Yang] College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Yihe Yu] C;College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
摘要：
Rachis browning adversely affects the appearance quality and commodity value, thus paring down consumer acceptability. A certain cognition on browning mechanism has been made after years of research. But how to modulate transcription of downstream genes via mechanisms mediated by histone acetylation modification in this regard is not yet clear. In this study, a histone deacetylase, VlSRT1, of grape rachis was found to contribute to the transcriptional modification of histone H3 acetylation in ethylene signal transduction. Physical interaction between VlSRT1 and VlERF95 was confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. In the presence of 1-MCP, increased VlSRT1 brings about a reduction of histone H3ac abundance at the site adjacent to the VlERF95-binding site in the promoter of VlERF95-targeted genes VlACS5 and VlPAO1, and negatively regulates ethylene biosynthesis and Chlorophyll degradation. This indicates that VlSRT1 might be recruited by VlERF95 into the promoters of VlACS5 and VlPAO1 to form a complex, which impairs the transcriptional activation of VlACS5 and VlPAO1, thereby retarding the progression of browning and senescence in rachis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of acetylated histone H3 on the promoters of VlACS5 and VlPAO1 further validated the effect of ethylene on acetylation levels. Our results enrich new mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in ethylene signal transduction in grape and provide new research ideas for understanding the occurrence of rachis browning and the anti-browning role of 1-MCP in preserving rachis freshness after harvest.
作者：
Si Qin;Chenghao Lv;Xin Liu;Tao Li;Shiyun Chen;...
期刊：
Antioxidants,2024年13(3):293- ISSN：2076-3921
通讯作者：
Si Qin<&wdkj&>Tao Li
作者机构：
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Chenghao Lv; Xin Liu] College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Shiyun Chen; Yuhang Yi; Xinnian Wen] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;[Si Qin] Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Si Qin; Tao Li] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
摘要：
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is abundant in crocin and has a longstanding historical usage both as a dietary and natural ethnic medicine. Enhanced studies have increasingly revealed the intricate interplay between glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota, wherein their imbalance is regarded as a pivotal indicator of metabolic disorders. Currently, the precise molecular mechanism of the crude extract of crocin from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GC) targeting gut microbiota to regulate glycolipid metabolism disorder is still unclear. Firstly, we explored the effect of GC on digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) in vitro. Secondly, we investigated the effect of GC on the physical and chemical parameters of high-fat diet (HFD) rats, such as body weight change, fasting blood glucose and lipid levels, and liver oxidative stress and injury. Then, 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the effects of GC on the composition and structure of gut microbiota. Finally, the impact of GC on the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway in the intestine was assessed by Western Blotting. In the present study, GC was found to exhibit a hypoglycemic effect in vitro, by inhibition of digestive enzymes. In animal experiments, we observed that GC significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, TC, and TG levels while increasing HDL-C levels. Additionally, GC demonstrated hepatoprotective properties by enhancing liver antioxidative capacity through the upregulation of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, while reducing ROS. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that GC had a significant effect on the gut microbiota of HFD rats, mainly by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bateroidota, and significantly affected the genera related to glycolipid metabolism, such as Akkermansia, Ligilactobacillus, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Prevotellaceae, etc. The Western Blotting results demonstrated that GC effectively downregulated the protein expressions of TLR4, Myd88, and NF-κB in the intestine of HFD rats, indicating that GC could target the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway to interfere with glycolipid metabolism disorder. Correlation analysis revealed that GC could target the Akkermansia-TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway axis which attenuates glycolipid metabolism disorder. Therefore, this study establishes the foundation for GC as a novel therapeutic agent for glycolipid metabolism disorder chemoprevention, and it introduces a novel methodology for harnessing the potential of natural botanical extracts in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome.
摘要：
center dot Sugar transporter proteins (STPs) play critical roles in regulating plant stress tolerance, growth, and development. However, the role of STPs in regulating crop yield is poorly understood.center dot This study elucidates the mechanism by which knockout of the sugar transporter OsSTP15 enhances grain yield via increasing the tiller number in rice.center dot We found that OsSTP15 is specifically expressed in the shoot base and vascular bundle sheath of seedlings and encodes a plasma membrane-localized high-affinity glucose efflux transporter. OsSTP15 knockout enhanced sucrose and trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) synthesis in leaves and improved sucrose transport to the shoot base by inducing the expression of sucrose transporters. Higher glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P contents were observed at the shoot base of stp15 plants. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of the shoot base demonstrated that OsSTP15 knockout upregulated the expression of cytokinin (CK) synthesis-and signaling pathway-related genes and increased CK levels.center dot These findings suggest that OsSTP15 knockout represses glucose export from the cytoplasm and simultaneously enhances sugar transport from source leaves to the shoot base by promoting the synthesis of sucrose and Tre6P in leaves. Subsequent accumulation of glucose, sucrose, and Tre6P in the shoot base promotes tillering by stimulating the CK signaling pathway.
摘要：
Urban growth boundaries (UGBs) are efficient tools for controlling disorderly urban expansion/sprawl and ensuring sustainable urban development. Previous studies have delineated UGBs from the perspective of ecological conservation or efficiency improvement and have widely applied them to spatial planning. However, few studies have investigated the role of urban interactions and connections in delineating UGBs, especially in rapidly developing urban agglomerations. Our study proposed a novel framework for UGBs delineation in urban agglomerations by coupling urban interactions and ecological conservation, with two innovative points. First, interurban interactions and connections were quantified to elucidate the transition rules of cellular automata (CA), and ecological conservation was configured as a constraint of the CA model. Second, the hierarchical generalized linear model (HGLM)-CA model was used to simulate the urban land pattern in 2035, and the dilation-erosion algorithm realized the final UGBs. The proposed framework was applied to UGBs delineation in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (CZX) urban agglomeration, a rapidly developing urban agglomeration in China. Furthermore, a comparison among multi-scenario UGBs shows that urban interactions and connections can accelerate the clustering of urban development, and the delineated UGBs are more practical. Our study highlighted the importance of urban interactions for UGBs delineation in urban agglomerations and evaluated a case of UGBs delineation to validate our appeal.
作者：
Su, Zhaohong;Hu, Shiyu;Xu, Yanqun;Liu, Ju;Liang, Pengcheng;...
期刊：
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY,2024年 ISSN：1144-0546
通讯作者：
Zhang, Wei;Fan, DQ
作者机构：
[Su, Zhaohong; Zhang, Wei; Fan, Duoqing; Xu, Yanqun] R&D Ctr China Tobacco Yunnan Ind Co Ltd, Yunnan Key Lab Tobacco Chem, Kunming 650231, Peoples R China.;[Su, Zhaohong; Hu, Shiyu; Peng, Yi; Liu, Ju; Liang, Pengcheng; Cao, Qinyi; Wang, Jiaqi] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, W; Fan, DQ ] R;R&D Ctr China Tobacco Yunnan Ind Co Ltd, Yunnan Key Lab Tobacco Chem, Kunming 650231, Peoples R China.
摘要：
"One stone-three birds": we developed a smart portable electrochemical sensor based on electrodeposited ferrocene-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (FC-MWCNTs) for the in vitro and in vivo detection of nicotine (NIC) in tobacco samples. The "one stone" was the establishment of the standard curve for the concentrationof NIC based on the oxidation of NIC itself as a single signal on the FC-MWCNT modified electrode or to use the FC-MWCNTs as a ratiometric probe to establish the standard curve for the NIC concentration on the modified electrode. The "three birds" were: (1) to broaden the application of the Nernst equation (the correlation between the potential and the concentration); (2) to use the function of materials modified by electrodeposition from multiple perspectives; and (3) to use a portable electrochemical workstation with a smartphone as an intelligent electrochemical sensing platform for NIC detection. The Tyndall effect, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometry were used to characterize the properties of the sensor materials. The effects of the electrochemical properties, such as the electrochemical active area, the charge transfer resistance and the adsorbed charge were investigated. The sensor was then studied by differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimized conditions, the detection range of NIC was 60-1000 mu mol L-1 and the detection limit was 4.25 mu mol L-1 in the single-signal mode and 0.44 mu mol L-1 in the ratiometric signal mode. The sensor can be used for the rapid and accurate detection of NIC in tobacco samples, both in vitro and in vivo.
摘要：
In this study, the speciation, leachability, phytoaccessibility, and environmental risks of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, and Cu) during liquefaction of contaminated peanut straw in ethanol at different temperatures (220, 260, 300, 340, and 380 degrees C) were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that elevated temperatures facilitated heavy metal accumulation in the biochar. The acid-soluble/exchangeable and reducible fraction percentages of heavy metals were substantially reduced in the biochar after liquefaction as the temperature increased, and the oxidizable fraction became the dominant heavy metal fraction, accounting for 44.14-78.67%. Furthermore, although an excessively high liquefaction temperature (380 degrees C) increased the residual fraction percentages of Zn and Cu, it was detrimental to Cd immobilization. The acid-soluble/exchangeable Cd in the contaminated peanut straw readily migrates to the bio-oil during liquefaction, with the highest concentration of 1.60 mg/kg at 260 degrees C liquefaction temperature, whereas Zn and Cu are predominantly bound to the unexchangeable fraction in the bio-oil. Liquefaction inhibited heavy metal leachability and phytoaccessibility in biochar, the lowest extraction rates of Cd, Zn, and Cu were 0.71%, 1.66% and 0.95% by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, respectively. However, the leaching and extraction concentrations increased when the temperature was raised to 380 degrees C. Additionally, heavy metal risk was reduced from medium and high risk to no and low risk. In summary, liquefaction reduces heavy metal toxicity and the risks associated with contaminated peanut straw, and a temperature range of 300-340 degrees C for ethanol liquefaction can be considered optimal for stabilizing heavy metals.
关键词：
lipid metabolism;machine learning;melatonin;meta-analysis;obesity mice;obesity rat
摘要：
Melatonin appears to be a promising supplement for obesity treatment. The antiobesity effects of melatonin on obese rodents are influenced by various factors, including the species, sex, the dosage of melatonin, treatment duration, administration via, daily treatment time, and initial body weight (IBW). Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis and machine learning study to evaluate the antiobesity effect of melatonin on obese mice or rats from 31 publications. The results showed that melatonin significantly reduced body weight, serum glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and cholesterol (TC) levels in obese mice or rats but increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Melatonin showed a slight positive effect on clock-related genes, although the number of studies was limited. Meta-regression analysis and machine learning indicated that the dosage of melatonin was the primary factor influencing body weight, with higher melatonin dosages leading to a stronger weight reduction effect. Together, male obese C57BL/6 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats with an IBW of 100-200 g showed better body weight reduction when supplemented with a dose of 10-30 mg/kg melatonin administered at night via injection for 5-8weeks.
期刊：
Postharvest Biology and Technology,2024年211:112815 ISSN：0925-5214
通讯作者：
Shenghua Ding
作者机构：
[Qi Quan] Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China;Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables storage, Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China;[Rongrong Wang] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Yanqun Xu; Zisheng Luo] College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;[Haishan Xu; Xia Chang; Shuai Ge; Saiqing Xu; Yang Shan; Shenghua Ding] Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables storage, Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
通讯机构：
[Shenghua Ding] L;Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables storage, Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China
摘要：
This study provided a new perspective on regulating strawberry flavor during storage by maintaining fungal community balance with active packaging film. Compared with initial strawberries (IS), gelatin composite film-packaged strawberries (CG) showed pleasant fruity and fragrance flavor whose relative content of most esters (ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc), 2-hexen-1-ol, hexanal D, and 3-pentanone increased, while other treated strawberries possessed alcoholic, sour, or moldy flavor. Furthermore, the relative abundance of fungal community (Mycosphaerella, Botrytis, Papiliotrema, Vishniacozyma, Filobasidium, etc) in CG was similar to that of IS. However, Botrytis was the dominant fungal genus in other treated strawberries and their fungal diversity decreased. Spearman correlation coefficient indicated that Papiliotrema, Vishniacozyma, and Filobasidium were highly correlated with flavor formation of strawberries (esters, alcohols, aldehydes, etc). Therefore, this work contributed to understanding the effect of fungal community on flavor formation of strawberry fruit during storage and also revealing the great potential of gelatin composite film on maintaining the quality of postharvest strawberries during storage.
作者机构：
National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Nie, Pei] College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Zou, Wenna; Zhang, Xinxin; Zhang, Yiping; Yao, Zhiqiu; Li, Yuan] National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
通讯机构：
[Liguo Yang] N;National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Mastitis is one of the most predominant diseases with a negative impact on ranch products worldwide. It reduces milk production, damages milk quality, increases treatment costs, and even leads to the premature elimination of animals. In addition, failure to take effective measures in time will lead to widespread disease. The key to reducing the losses caused by mastitis lies in the early detection of the disease. The application of deep learning with powerful feature extraction capability in the medical field is receiving increasing attention. The main purpose of this study was to establish a deep learning network for buffalo quarter-level mastitis detection based on 3054 ultrasound images of udders from 271 buffaloes. Two data sets were generated with thresholds of somatic cell count (SCC) set as 2 × 10(5) cells/mL and 4 × 10(5) cells/mL, respectively. The udders with SCCs less than the threshold value were defined as healthy udders, and otherwise as mastitis-stricken udders. A total of 3054 udder ultrasound images were randomly divided into a training set (70%), a validation set (15%), and a test set (15%). We used the EfficientNet_b3 model with powerful learning capabilities in combination with the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to train the mastitis detection model. To solve the problem of sample category imbalance, the PolyLoss module was used as the loss function. The training set and validation set were used to develop the mastitis detection model, and the test set was used to evaluate the network's performance. The results showed that, when the SCC threshold was 2 × 10(5) cells/mL, our established network exhibited an accuracy of 70.02%, a specificity of 77.93%, a sensitivity of 63.11%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.77 on the test set. The classification effect of the model was better when the SCC threshold was 4 × 10(5) cells/mL than when the SCC threshold was 2 × 10(5) cells/mL. Therefore, when SCC ≥ 4 × 10(5) cells/mL was defined as mastitis, our established deep neural network was determined as the most suitable model for farm on-site mastitis detection, and this network model exhibited an accuracy of 75.93%, a specificity of 80.23%, a sensitivity of 70.35%, and AUC 0.83 on the test set. This study established a 1/4 level mastitis detection model which provides a theoretical basis for mastitis detection in buffaloes mostly raised by small farmers lacking mastitis diagnostic conditions in developing countries.
