作者：
Jianhua Zhang;Qin Zheng;Nenghui Ye;Zhenning Teng
期刊：
Plants-Basel,2024年13(6):809- ISSN：2223-7747
通讯作者：
Jianhua Zhang<&wdkj&>Nenghui Ye
作者机构：
These authors contributed equally to this work.;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong;Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Jianhua Zhang; Nenghui Ye] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong<&wdkj&>Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
摘要：
The seed, a critical organ in higher plants, serves as a primary determinant of agricultural productivity, with its quality directly influencing crop yield. Improper storage conditions can diminish seed vigor, adversely affecting seed germination and seedling establishment. Therefore, understanding the seed-aging process and exploring strategies to enhance seed-aging resistance are paramount. In this study, we observed that seed aging during storage leads to a decline in seed vigor and can coincide with the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the radicle, resulting in compromised or uneven germination and asynchronous seedling emergence. We identified the abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism gene, abscisic acid 8′-hydroxylase 2 (OsABA8ox2), as significantly induced by aging treatment. Interestingly, transgenic seeds overexpressing OsABA8ox2 exhibited reduced seed vigor, while gene knockout enhanced seed vigor, suggesting its role as a negative regulator. Similarly, seeds pretreated with ABA or diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, an H2O2 inhibitor) showed increased resistance to aging, with more robust early seedling establishment. Both OsABA8ox2 mutant seeds and seeds pretreated with ABA or DPI displayed lower H2O2 content during aging treatment. Overall, our findings indicate that ABA mitigates rice seed aging by reducing H2O2 accumulation in the radicle. This study offers valuable germplasm resources and presents a novel approach to enhancing seed resistance against aging.
作者机构：
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China;Hunan Optical Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410128, PR China;[Maxim S. Molokeev] World-Class Research Center “Advanced Digital Technologies”, University of Tyumen, Tyumen, 625003, Russia;[Ming Cheng; Xiaoyan Chen] Dongguan Ledstar Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 523000, PR China
通讯机构：
[Mao Xia; Zhi Zhou] S;School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China<&wdkj&>Hunan Optical Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, 410128, PR China
摘要：
Cr3+-activated near-infrared (NIR) phosphors have great potential in plant lighting, noninvasive detection, iris recognition, etc. Herein, an aluminoborate host material with a wide band gap (Eg = 4.60 eV) and high Debye temperature is selected to prepare a NIR phosphor Al5BO9: Cr3+ (ABO: Cr3+). The phosphor exhibits typical intermediate crystal field luminescence and has a high degree of matching with plant phytochrome. The photoluminescence intensity at 150 °C retains 91.1 % at room temperature. In addition, the spectral redshift (730 nm–770 nm) is achieved through the crystal field modulation, which is beneficial to broaden its application scenarios, such as plant antiviral immunity, night vision and noninvasive detection. Finally, the rice cultivation experiment confirms that the supplement of NIR light promotes growth, stress resistance and leaf angle of rice seedlings.
摘要：
Reducing carbon emissions from cropland ecosystems is an important measure to achieve early carbon neutrality. However, how methane-metabolizing microorganisms affect methane emissions from cropland soils of different planting years is not known. In this study, we determined methane emissions from cropland soils of different tobacco-rice rotation years after rice harvesting. By mean of functional gene sequencing, we analyzed the relationship between methane-metabolizing microorganisms and methane emissions, and revealed the microbial mechanism of action for methane emissions from cropland soils. The results showed that the soil organic carbon content was higher (P < 0.05) and methane emissions were lower (P < 0.05) in cropland cultivated for 20-40 years (PY20). Soil methane emissions from PY20 cropland were reduced by 30.11% and 14.58% (P < 0.05) compared to cropland planted for 10-20 years and more than 40 years. The alpha diversity of methanogens communities was significantly lower in PY20 cropland soils, whereas the methanotrophs communities alpha diversity did not differ significantly between planting years. The methanogenic genus Methanocorpusculum was significantly and positively correlated with methane emissions. The relative abundance of Methanocorpusculum in PY20 cropland soil was lower (P < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Methylocystis, a type II methanotrophs with greater oxidizing capacity for methane, was higher (P < 0.05). Reducing PY20 cropland soil methane emissions by reducing methane production and enhancing methane oxidation. At the same time, more methanotrophs in PY20 cropland soil formed a molecular interactions network with methanogens. Planting years altered the diversity and composition of methane-metabolizing microbial communities and the interactions of different taxa, which in turn affected methane emissions. Cropland soils that have been cultivated for 20-40 years have lower methane production capacity and higher methane oxidation capacity, resulting in lower methane emissions. This study provides a scientific reference for the microbial action mechanism of soil methane emission from cropland under different planting years, with a view to contributing to carbon neutralization in cropland ecosystems.
摘要：
Low temperatures during the grain-filling phase have a detrimental effect on both the yield and quality of rice grains. However, the specific repercussions of low temperatures during this critical growth stage on grain quality and mineral nutrient composition in high-quality hybrid indica rice varieties have remained largely unexplored. The present study address this knowledge gap by subjecting eight high-quality indica rice varieties to two distinct temperature regimes: low temperature (19 degrees C/15 degrees C, day/night) and control temperature (28 degrees C/22 degrees C) during their grain-filling phase, and a comprehensive analysis of various quality traits, with a particular focus on mineral nutrients and their interrelationships were explored. Exposure of rice plants to low temperatures during early grain filling significantly impacts the physicochemical and nutritional properties. Specifically, low temperature increases the chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree, while decreases starch and amylopectin content, with varying effects on amylose, protein, and gelatinization temperature among rice varieties. Furthermore, crucial parameters like gelatinization enthalpy (Delta H), gelatinization temperature range (R), and peak height index (PHI) all significantly declined in response to low temperature. These detrimental effects extend to rice flour pasting properties, resulting in reduced breakdown, peak, trough, and final viscosities, along with increased setback. Notably, low temperature also had a significant impact on the mineral nutrient contents of brown rice, although the extent of this impact varied among different elements and rice varieties. A positive correlation is observed between brown rice mineral nutrient content and factors such as chalkiness, gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, and breakdown, while a negative correlation is established with amylose content and setback. Moreover, positive correlations emerge among the mineral nutrient contents themselves, and these relationships are further accentuated in the context of low-temperature conditions. Therefore, enhancing mineral nutrient content and increasing rice plant resistance to chilling stress should be the focus of breeding efforts to improve rice quality.
摘要：
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating citrus disease that causes significant financial losses in the citrus industry. However, there is no cure by current control strategies. Damaged soils were observed in citrus orchards; root lesions and nematodes were observed in HLB-affected citrus tree roots. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) makes a great contribution to pathogen control and has the potential to control HLB. Purpureocillium lilacinum (P. lilacinum) and Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) can kill pathogenic organisms such as nematodes and Phytophthora spp. to protect roots. Restoration of the damaged soils and improvement of citrus root growth through the introduction of soil amendments and biocontrol agents (containing B. subtilis, P. lilacinum, and T. harzianum) may provide an efficient approach to controlling HLB. Results revealed that soil properties such as soil pH and organic matter content were improved. After three months of combination treatment of soil amendment and biocontrol agent through root drenches, the citrus grew new roots and its leaves changed from yellow to green. The percentage of HLB-positive citrus trees-Orah, Tangerine, and Navel Orange-decreased from 90 to 0%, 87.5% to 21.88%, and 81.25% to 0% over three years, respectively. Furthermore, the productivity of HLB-affected orchards was restored, and both production and quality saw significant improvement. These results suggested that combining soil remediation and biocontrol improved soil quality and protected citrus root growth, thus effectively controlling HLB.
摘要：
Heavy metal (HM) contamination poses a serious threat to safe crop production and human health, and different maize inbred lines respond differently to cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the morphological and physiological characteristics of maize inbred lines seedlings are not clear under Cd stress. In this study, we analyzed the agronomic traits and physiological and biochemical indices of inbred maize seedlings under Cd stress in the seedling stage using the inbred lines Kui3, CML118, Mo17, B73, and B77 as the materials. These five inbred maizes were treated with five different concentrations of Cd (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg L-1, respectively) were applied and the indices of the maize seedlings determined on day 15. The aboveground and belowground biomass of five maize inbred lines seedlings showed a decreasing trend under Cd stress. Leaf relative water content and SPAD values also decreased, but the overall decrease in relative water content was small, and the differences were not significant. Surprisingly, Cd stress affected the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), leading to enhanced mem-brane lipid peroxidation. The cadmium content varied greatly between varieties under Cd stress, but all of them had lower Cd content above ground than below ground, and the varieties with the highest and lowest transfer coefficients were Mo17 (0.33-0.83) and B73 (0.06-0.44), respectively. Kui3 had the greatest difference in soluble protein content under Cd stress, which showed a de-creasing trend, and the soluble sugar content was significantly decreased in general compared to that of CK. The soluble sugar content was higher than CK under Cd treatment, and the proline content of the maize seedlings of all of the inbred lines showed an increasing trend compared to CK. Overall, there were significant genotypic differences in the Cd stress response to Cd toxicity in the maize inbred lines seedlings, and, in general, this study helps us to understand the mechanism of maize inbred lines seedlings response to Cd stress. It provides a theoretical basis for the se-lection and breeding of varieties, and food safety.
摘要：
The search for cost-effective, high-performance catalysts is crucial in catalytic co -pyrolysis. Different Fe-Mo@X catalysts (X = Al2O3, MgO) and reaction temperatures (600 degrees C, 700 degrees C, 800 degrees C, 900 degrees C) were tested to optimize hydrogen production and carbon quality while also exploring CNTs degradation performance. The results indicate that both catalyst type and operating parameters are highly dependent on the growth of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen. The FeMo@Al2O3 catalyst exhibits superior catalytic activity attributed to its more abundant mesoporous structure and higher specific surface area. Specifically, FeMo@Al2O3 achieved the highest yield of carbon nanotubes (84.42%) at 700 degrees C, and attained the maximum hydrogen yield (49.57%) at 900 degrees C. However, the CNTs synthesized from FeMo@MgO exhibited fewer defects, higher graphitization degree and purity (Raman and TPO). CNTs/MgO significantly enhanced the degradation efficiency of Clothianidin by virtue of their superior electron transport properties and chemical bonding between MgO and CNTs.
摘要：
Plants number is an essential field phenotypic trait that affects the growth status and final quality of crop. In recent years, the integration of remote sensing technology and deep learning technology has provided a solution to the problem of crop plant counting in field. However, most of the previous studies have selected fixed crops (such as rice, wheat) for research, and few studies have reported the limitations in the application of this technology. In addition, as far as we know, there has been no report on the problem of ramie germplasm resources counting. In this study, in combination with DA (Data Augmentation) and three object detection algorithms, ramie germplasm resources were adopted to explore the accuracy of counting plant number under the condition of dense plant growth. The following functions were tested: (1) the influence of DA on the effect of plant counting; (2) the influence of ground sampling distance (GSD) on the effect of plant counting; (3) the influence of object detection algorithms on ramie detection object. The results showed that after the training sample was expanded by DA, the Precision of ramie plant counting model was increased by 6.630%. FCOS (Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detection) could perform better in small object and small sample data (Recall = 0.892, Precision = 0.819，RMSE = 0.089). It was necessary to ensure the consistency of GSD between training samples and verification samples for improving the accuracy of ramie plants counting. The ramie plant counting model has sufficient and stable ability to count ramie plants in the field, which can supplement the traditional manual counting method.
期刊：
Frontiers in Genetics,2023年14:1133600 ISSN：1664-8021
通讯作者：
Tang, W.;Sun, L.
作者机构：
[Tang, Wenbang; Huang, Zijian] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Lv, Zhaokun; Chen, Yibo; Wang, Jiurong; Zhu, Yuxing; Li, Sai; Sun, Liang; Deng, Huabing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Wenbang; Tian, Yan] Hunan Hybrid Rice Res Ctr, State Key Lab Hybrid Rice, Changsha, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tang, W.] C;[Sun, L.] K;College of Agronomy, China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, China
关键词：
mineral accumulation;rice;phenotypic normalization;QTL;Subspecies differentiation
摘要：
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major staple food that provides not only dietary calories but also trace elements for the global inhabitants. The insufficiency of mineral nutrients and the potential accumulation of excessive toxic elements in grains pose risks to human health. The substantial natural variations in mineral accumulation in rice grains presents potentials for genetic improvements of rice via biofortifications of essential mineral nutrients and eliminations of toxic elements in grains. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the natural variations in mineral accumulation have not been fully explored to date owing to unstable phenotypic variations, which are attributed to poor genetic performance and strong environmental effects. In this study, we first compared the genetic performance of different normalization approaches in determining the grain-Cd, grain-Mn, and grain-Zn variations in rice in different genetic populations. Then through quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identification in two rice inter-ectype populations, three QTLs, including qCd7, qMn3, and qZn7, were identified and the QTLs were found to exhibit allelic differentiation in the different ecotypes. Our results were expected to broaden our understanding for mineral accumulation in rice and propose the potential functional alleles that can be explored for further genetic improvement of rice.
通讯机构：
[Yunling Peng] G;Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
GO analysis;maize;GSEA;SNP;PCR;drought tolerant
摘要：
Drought stress is a significant abiotic factor influencing maize growth and development. Understanding the molecular mechanism of drought tolerance is critical to develop the drought tolerant genotype. The identification of the stress responsive gene is the first step to developing a drought tolerant genotype. The aim of the current research was to pinpoint the genes that are essential for conserved samples in maize drought tolerance. In the current study, inbred lines of maize, 478 and H21, a drought-tolerant and susceptible line, were cultivated in the field and various treatments were applied. The circumstances during the vegetative stage (severe drought, moderate drought and well-watered environments) and RNA sequencing were used to look into their origins. In 478, 68%, 48% and 32% of drought-responsive genes (DRGs) were found, with 63% of DRGs in moderate drought and severe drought conditions in H21, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) keywords were explicitly enriched in the DRGs of H21, which were considerably over-represented in the two lines. According to the results of the GSEA, "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" was exclusively enriched in H21, but "starch and sucrose metabolism" and "plant hormone signal transduction" were enhanced in both of the two lines. Further investigation found that the various expression patterns of genes linked to the trehalose biosynthesis pathway, reactive oxygen scavenging, and transcription factors, may have a role in maize's ability to withstand drought. Our findings illuminate the molecular ways that respond to lack and offer gene resources for maize drought resistance. Similarly, SNP and correlation analysis gave us noticeable results that urged us to do the same kind of analysis on other crops. Additionally, we isolated particular transcription factors that could control the expression of genes associated to photosynthesis and leaf senescence. According to our findings, a key factor in tolerance is the equilibrium between the induction of leaf senescence and the preservation of photosynthesis under drought.
关键词：
Machine learning;Internet of Things;Green agricultural environment;Rape hyperspectral analysis modeling
摘要：
In recent years, China's agricultural Internet of Things technology has attracted great attention. Document No. 1 emphasizes that we will make every effort to use Internet of Things technology, big data, mobile Internet, cloud computing technology, etc. to promote the progress of "Internet + " modern agriculture. Government departments have taken the lead in accelerating the development of agricultural and animal husbandry technology, improving the infrastructure construction of the agricultural industry chain and upgrading the management decision-making management system, building a comprehensive logistics information management service platform, ensuring effective production scheduling in the agricultural and animal husbandry sales market, and improving the construction Agriculture and animal husbandry industry chain. WSN-based has many advantages over traditional solutions, such as long-term monitoring, accuracy, scalability, easy deployment, and low cost, making wireless sensors widely used in the environment and agriculture. Therefore, in the agricultural Internet of Things, a variety of sensor connection points can be arranged around the crops to form system software and a comprehensive monitoring website, which can help farmers deal with problems in a timely manner and propose corresponding solutions to this. Form an integrated production model based on the agricultural Internet of Things system that generates intelligent decisions.
摘要：
Chlorophyll is one of the key factors for photosynthesis and plays an important role in plant growth and development. We previously isolated an EMS mutagenized rapeseed chlorophyll-reduced mutant (crm1), which had yellow leaf, reduced chlorophyll content and fewer thylakoid stacks. Here, we found that crm1 showed attenuated utilization efficiency of both light energy and CO(2) but enhanced heat dissipation efficiency and greater tolerance to high-light intensity. BSA-Seq analysis identified a single nucleotide change (C to T) and (G to A) in the third exon of the BnaA01G0094500ZS and BnaC01G0116100ZS, respectively. These two genes encode the magnesium chelatase subunit I 1 (CHLI1) that catalyzes the insertion of magnesium into protoporphyrin IX, a pivotal step in chlorophyll synthesis. The mutation sites resulted in an amino acid substitution P144S and G128E within the AAA+ domain of the CHLI1 protein. Two KASP markers were developed and co-segregated with the yellow leaf phenotype in segregating F(2) population. Loss of BnaA01.CHLI1 and BnaC01.CHLI1 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing recapitulated the mutant phenotype. BnaA01.CHLI1 and BnaC01.CHLI1 were located in chloroplast and highly expressed in the leaves. Furthermore, RNA-seq analyses revealed the expression of chlorophyll synthesis-related genes were upregulated in the crm1 mutant. These findings provide a new insight into the regulatory mechanism of chlorophyll synthesis in rapeseed and suggest a novel target for improving the photosynthetic efficiency and tolerance to high-light intensity in crops. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01429-6.
