摘要：
Abstract: β-ocimene is a plant communication signaling molecule that can induce plant defense responses. In this paper, in order to investigate the control effect of β-ocimene on tobacco Potato virus Y (PVY) disease, under indoor conditions, the influence of β-ocimene on the incidence rate and disease index of PVY was analyzed; under field conditions, the prevention and control effects of β-ocimene and conventional chemical pesticides on PVY were analyzed simultaneously. The test results are as follows: According to the analysis of indoor pot experiment, β-ocimene has a significant prevention and control effect on PVY. Compared with the control, the incidence rate decreased by 67.10%, the disease index decreased by 70.60%, and the virus accumulation decreased by 1.7 times. The results of field experiments showed that the control effect of β-ocimene on PVY was significantly better than that of chemical pesticides, with a control effect of 58.23%~64.12% on PVY; further statistical analysis of the increase rate of PVY showed that the disease index of PVY induced by β-ocimene only in-creased by 10.0%, significantly higher than that of chemical pesticides and controls. The above results all indicate that β-ocimene has significant efficacy in preventing and controlling PVY. This study provides a new approach to the prevention and control of PVY in the field.#@#@#摘要: β-罗勒烯是一种能诱导植物产生防御反应的植物通讯信号分子。本文为了探究β-罗勒烯对烤烟马铃薯Y病毒病(PVY)的控制效果，在室内条件下，分析了β-罗勒烯对PVY的发病率及病情指数的影响；在大田条件下，同时分析了β-罗勒烯与常规化学农药对PVY的防控效果。试验结果如下：通过室内盆栽试验分析，β-罗勒烯对PVY具有显著的防控效果，相比于对照发病率下降了67.10%，病情指数下降了70.60%，病毒积累量减少了1.7倍。大田试验结果显示，β-罗勒烯对PVY的控制效果显著优于化学农药，对PVY的控制效果达到58.23%~64.12%；进一步对PVY病情上升率进行统计，结果表明，经β-罗勒烯诱导后PVY的病情指数仅上升了10.0%，显著高于化学农药及对照。以上结果均表明，β-罗勒烯在防控PVY方面具有显著功效。本研究为大田防控PVY提供了新的途径。
摘要：
Rice plants are highly sensitive to high-temperature stress, posing challenges to grain yield and quality. However, the impact of high temperatures on the quality of high-quality hybrid rice during the booting stage, as well as the differing effects of the booting and grain-filling stages on grain quality, are currently not well-known. Therefore, four high-quality hybrid rice were subjected to control (CK) and high-temperature stress during the booting (HT1) and grain-filling stages (HT2). Compared to the control, HT1 significantly reduced the spikelets panicle(-1) (16.1%), seed setting rate (67.5%), and grain weight (7.4%), while HT2 significantly reduced the seed setting rate (6.0%) and grain weight (7.4%). In terms of quality, both HT1 and HT2 significantly increased chalkiness, chalky grain rate, gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity (PV), trough viscosity (TV), final viscosity (FV), and protein content in most varieties, and significantly decreased grain length, grain width, total starch content, and amylose content. However, a comparison between HT1 and HT2 revealed that the increase in chalkiness, chalky grain rate, PV, TV, and FV was greater under HT2. HT1 resulted in a greater decrease in grain length, grain width, total starch content, and amylose content, as well as an increase in protein content. Additionally, HT1 led to a significant decrease in amylopectin content, which was not observed under HT2. Therefore, future efforts in breeding and cultivating high-quality hybrid rice should carefully account for the effects of high temperatures at different stages on both yield and quality.
作者机构：
[Guan, Chunyun; Zhang, Yin; Chen, Can; Huang, Huang; Xu, Ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Guan, Chunyun; Zhang, Yin; Chen, Can; Huang, Huang] Hunan Engn Res Ctr Rice Field Ecol Planting & Bree, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Li, Zhengyou] Fisheries Res Inst Guizhou Prov, Guiyang 550025, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Jun] Congjiang Agr & Rural Bur Guizhou Prov, Congjiang 557400, Peoples R China.;[Ren, Bo] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang Huang] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
rice-fish-duck symbiosis system;globally important agricultural heritage system;value;technology;challenge;countermeasure
摘要：
The Chinese rice-fish-duck symbiosis system is one of the globally important agricultural heritage systems, with a history of nearly a thousand years. It embodies the wisdom of the Chinese ancestors and has huge comprehensive value, which has extremely important references for the sustainable development of agriculture. The technological core for the rice-fish-duck symbiosis system lies in the selection of rice, fish, and duck varieties and the coupling of agricultural operation time. In the process of modern agriculture, many varieties with high comprehensive benefits have also been applied to the rice-fish-duck system, and the rice-fish-duck model has been further developed. What is worrying is that the transfer of rural labor, the promotion of modern agricultural technology, the low degree of marketization and industrialization, the weakening of cultural awareness, and the change in climate have posed huge threats and challenges to the traditional Chinese rice-fish-duck system. The protection and development of the system are urgently needed. Therefore, we recommend delimiting active protection areas, establishing scientific research bases, improving relevant systems, developing rural tourism markets, and innovating farming technology, which also provide guidance for protecting and developing other agricultural cultural heritages.
摘要：
MYB transcription factors have been demonstrated to play an important role in plant growth, development and abiotic stresses. This study isolated a rice MYB gene, OsMYB1R1(Os04g0583900), and functionally characterized its role in tolerance to drought stress by generating transgenic rice plants with overexpressing (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) OsMYB1R1. Expression of OsMYB1R1 was down-regulated by drought stress. The tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that OsMYB1R1 was expressed at high level in panicle, but relatively low in the other parts of rice. No difference in germination rate among OsMYB1R1-OE, RNAi and wild-type (WT) seeds under mannitol treatments. No differences in phenotypes, physiological indicators and agronomic traits among WT, OE and RNAi plants were observed under normal grown conditions. Under drought stress, the RNAi plants were more tolerant to drought stress and higher survival rate after re-watering than WT plants. However, the overexpressing plants have found just the opposite. The OsMYB1R1-OE plants exhibited increased relative electrical conductivity (REC), increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and decreased proline content compared with the wild type, whereas lower REC and MDA content and higher proline content were found in the RNAi plants. These results suggest that OsMYB1R1 functions, a negative regulator in response to drought stresses, may be used as a candidate gene for molecular breeding of drought-tolerant crop varieties.
关键词：
heavy metal;sediment;anthropogenic disturbances;bioleaching;bioaugmentation
摘要：
Soil, sediment, and waters contaminated with heavy metals pose a serious threat to ecosystem function and human health, and microorganisms are an effective way to address this problem. In this work, sediments containing heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cd, As) were treated differently (sterilized and unsterilized) and bio-enhanced leaching experiments were carried out with the addition of exogenous iron-oxidizing bacteria A. ferrooxidans and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria A. thiooxidans. The leaching of As, Cd, Cu, and Zn was higher in the unsterilized sediment at the beginning 10 days, while heavy metals leached more optimally in the later sterilized sediment. The leaching of Cd from sterilized sediments was favored by A. ferrooxidans compared to A. thiooxidans. Meanwhile, the microbial community structure was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which revealed that 53.4% of the bacteria were Proteobacteria, 26.22% were Bacteroidetes, 5.04% were Firmicutes, 4.67% were Chlamydomonas, and 4.08% were Acidobacteria. DCA analysis indicated that microorganisms abundance (diversity and Chao values) increased with time. Furthermore, network analysis showed that complex networks of interactions existed in the sediments. After adapting to the acidic environmental conditions, the growth of some locally dominant bacteria increased the microbial interactions, allowing more bacteria to participate in the network, making their connections stronger. This evidence points to a disruption in the microbial community structure and its diversity following artificial disturbance, which then develops again over time. These results could contribute to the understanding of the evolution of microbial communities in the ecosystem during the remediation of anthropogenically disturbed heavy metals.
通讯机构：
[Guanghui Chen; Yue Wang] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>The Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Department of Agronomy, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
diverse rice hybrids;fresh wet rice noodles;physicochemical in rice noodles;amylose content;gel consistency
作者机构：
[Dai, Lin Jian; Dai, LJ; Sun, Cheng Lin; Rang, Zhong Wen] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Hui Lin; Cheng, Zhi Jun] China Tobacco Hunan Ind Co Ltd, Raw Mat Procurement Ctr, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Dong Bo] China Tobacco Hunan Ind Co Ltd, Tech Ctr, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;[Xie, You] China Tobacco Corp Guizhou Prov Co, Tongren City Co, Jiangkou Branch, Tongren 554300, Peoples R China.
摘要：
To explore the influence of wind speed on the quality of tobacco in this study, we employed a heat pump-powered intensive curing barn and a three-stage curing process. By evaluating the influence of fan parameters on the quality of tobacco leaves at different curing stages, the optimal wind speed was determined. After adopting the optimized wind speed process, the degradation of macromolecular substances was faster, the accumulation of aroma substances was delayed to 55°C, and the accumulation was more complete. Among them, the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar in flue-cured tobacco leaves were 22.25% and 29.2%, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group. The sugar was converted into more aroma substances, and the total amount of neutral aroma substances was 48.82% higher than that of the control group. The content of related aroma substances increased significantly. The content of petroleum ether extract related to aroma substances increased by 0.93% compared with the control group. The macromolecular substances were degraded more fully than the control group, such as the starch content decreased to 1.56%. The results of metabolomics showed that the contents of aldehydes, heterocyclic compounds, alcohols, ketones and esters increased significantly in different degrees after this process. These results show that the optimization of wind speed parameters can significantly improve the baking quality of tobacco leaves. This study provides a reference for the optimization of the flue-cured tobacco baking process.
通讯机构：
[Houxiang Kang] S;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
Cell division;CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing;Genetic architecture of rice leaf width;Genome-wide association study;Gibberellin;Rice leaf width;Vein width
摘要：
Rice leaf width (RLW) is a crucial determinant of photosynthetic area. Despite the discovery of several genes controlling RLW, the underlying genetic architecture remains unclear. In order to better understand RLW, this study conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 351 accessions from the rice diversity population II (RDP-II). The results revealed 12 loci associated with leaf width (LALW). In LALW4, we identified one gene, Narrow Leaf 22 (NAL22), whose polymorphisms and expression levels were associated with RLW variation. Knocking out this gene in Zhonghua11, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, resulted in a short and narrow leaf phenotype. However, seed width remained unchanged. Additionally, we discovered that the vein width and expression levels of genes associated with cell division were suppressed in nal22 mutants. Gibberellin (GA) was also found to negatively regulate NAL22 expression and impact RLW. In summary, we dissected the genetic architecture of RLW and identified a gene, NAL22, which provides new loci for further RLW studies and a target gene for leaf shape design in modern rice breeding.
通讯机构：
[Houxiang Kang; Houxiang Kang Houxiang Kang Houxiang Kang] S;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
关键词：
3′-UTR;CRISPR/Cas9 technology;domestication;genome-wide association study;rice blast resistance;susceptibility genes
摘要：
Traditional rice blast resistance breeding largely depends on utilizing typical resistance (R) genes. However, the lack of durable R genes has prompted rice breeders to find new resistance resources. Susceptibility (S) genes are potential new targets for resistance genetic engineering using genome-editing technologies, but identifying them is still challenging. Here, through the integration of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and transcriptional analysis, we identified two genes, RNG1 and RNG3, whose polymorphisms in 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) affected their expression variations. These polymorphisms could serve as molecular markers to identify rice blast-resistant accessions. Editing the 3'-UTRs using CRISPR/Cas9 technology affected the expression levels of two genes, which were positively associated with rice blast susceptibility. Knocking out either RNG1 or RNG3 in rice enhanced the rice blast and bacterial blight resistance, without impacting critical agronomic traits. RNG1 and RNG3 have two major genotypes in diverse rice germplasms. The frequency of the resistance genotype of these two genes significantly increased from landrace rice to modern cultivars. The obvious selective sweep flanking RNG3 suggested it has been artificially selected in modern rice breeding. These results provide new targets for S gene identification and open avenues for developing novel rice blast-resistant materials.
通讯机构：
[Guan, CY; Guan, M ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Branch Natl Oilseed Crops Improvement Ctr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Southern Reg Collaborat Innovat Ctr Grain & Oil Cr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
cadmium stress;rapeseed;selenium;yield traits;soil bacterial community
摘要：
Cadmium (Cd) stress greatly limits the growth of rapeseed, and selenium is a micronutrient that is essential for rapeseed growth, but whether and how selenium application alleviates Cd-induced inhibition remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the alleviating effects of exogenous selenium on rapeseed growth under cadmium (Cd) stress based on the aspects of agronomic traits and soil bacterial community structure and diversity. The results show that low-selenium treatment increased the rapeseed yield by 20.92% by increasing the number of pods per plant under Cd stress, but such effects were not prominent when the selenium application rate was high. Meanwhile, selenium application significantly reduced the cadmium content by 4.74–26.89% in different organs of rapeseed. Further analysis suggested that the benefits of selenium in alleviating Cd stress might be induced by changes in soil bacterial community structure and diversity. In addition, in the functional metabolism spectrum of rapeseed microorganisms treated with selenium, there were 5 primary metabolic pathways with significant differences, and there were 32 and 169 pathways for secondary and tertiary metabolic pathways, respectively. Therefore, selenium treatment in rapeseed soil can alter the composition and metabolic function spectrum of soil microbial communities, ultimately affecting plant growth and Cd tolerance.
