摘要：
Lignin and cellulose are two essential elements of plant secondary cell walls that shape the mechanical characteristics of the culm to prevent lodging. However, how the regulation of the lignin and cellulose composition is combined to achieve optimal mechanical characteristics is unclear. Here, we show that increasing OsTCP19 expression in rice coordinately repressed lignin biosynthesis and promoted cellulose biosynthesis, resulting in enhanced lodging resistance. In contrast, repression of OsTCP19 coordinately promoted lignin biosynthesis and inhibited cellulose biosynthesis, leading to greater susceptibility to lodging. We found that OsTCP19 binds to the promoters of both MYB108 and MYB103L to increase their expression, with the former being responsible for repressing lignin biosynthesis and the latter for promoting cellulose biosynthesis. Moreover, up-regulation of OsTCP19 in fibers improved grain yield and lodging resistance. Thus, our results identify the OsTCP19-OsMYB108/OsMYB103L module as a key regulator of lignin and cellulose production in rice, and open up the possibility for precisely manipulating lignin-cellulose composition to improve culm mechanical properties for lodging resistance.
作者机构：
[Chen, Yinke; Peng, Yan; Teng, Zhenning; Duan, Meijuan; Ye, Nenghui; Qin, Zhonge; Liu, Bohan; Yu, Huihui; Ye, NH; Meng, Shuan; Lv, Jiahan; Duan, MJ] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Hunan Prov Key Lab Rice Stress Biol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Teng, Zhenning; Zhang, Jianhua; Yu, Huihui] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.;[Teng, Zhenning; Zhang, Jianhua; Yu, Huihui] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.;[He, YC; He, Yuchi] Hubei Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocatalysis & Enzyme Engn, Wuhan 430000, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Jianhua; Ye, Nenghui; Ye, NH] Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Biol, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[He, YC ; Zhang, JH; Ye, NH ; Duan, MJ] H;[Zhang, JH ] C;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Hunan Prov Key Lab Rice Stress Biol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.;Chinese Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Agrobiotechnol, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Low-temperature germination (LTG) is an important agronomic trait for direct-seeding cultivation of rice (Oryza sativa). Both OsMYB30 and OsTPP1 regulate the cold stress response in rice, but the function of OsMYB30 and OsTPP1 in regulating LTG and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Employing transcriptomics and functional studies revealed a sugar signaling pathway that regulates seed germination in response to low temperature (LT). Expression of OsMYB30 and OsTPP1 was induced by LT during seed germination, and overexpressing either OsMYB30 or OsTPP1 delayed seed germination and increased sensitivity to LT during seed germination. Transcriptomics and qPCR revealed that expression of OsTPP1 was upregulated in OsMYB30-overexpressing lines but downregulated in OsMYB30-knockout lines. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that OsMYB30 bound to the promoter of OsTPP1 and regulated the abundance of OsTPP1 transcripts. Overaccumulation of trehalose (Tre) was found in both OsMYB30- and OsTPP1-overexpressing lines, resulting in inhibition of alpha-amylase 1a (OsAMY1a) gene during seed germination. Both LT and exogenous Tre treatments suppressed the expression of OsAMY1a, and the osamy1a mutant was not sensitive to exogenous Tre during seed germination. Overall, we concluded that OsMYB30 expression was induced by LT to activate the expression of OsTPP1 and increase Tre content, which thus inhibited alpha-amylase activity and seed germination. This study identified a phytohormone-independent pathway that integrates environmental cues with internal factors to control seed germination. Low temperature increases the abundance of a transcription factor, which activates the biosynthesis of trehalose and consequently inhibits seed germination by impeding alpha-amylase activity in rice.
摘要：
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that can be readily absorbed by plants and enriched in human body. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and grain quality are affected by excessive Cd in the soil. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of Cd absorption, accumulation and detoxification in the root apex is crucial for developing low-Cd rice cultivars. After Cd treatment, Cd concentration in rice root tips (RT) was 1.4 times higher than that in basal roots (BR). To uncover the distinct molecular responses to Cd toxicity, we conducted transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses on the two root sections. The results revealed that the RT exhibited 1.2-2.0 fold higher transcript or protein abundance of several Cd-related transporters than the BR, including Nramp1, Nramp5, IRT1, and HMA3, thereby contributing to more Cd accumulation in the RT. Furthermore, multi-omics analysis unveiled that the RT had enhanced activity in 'phenylpropanoid metabolism', 'AsA-GSH cycle' and 'tryptophan metabolism', conferring the stronger antioxidant system. While the BR showed higher activation in 'cell wall remodeling' and 'terpenoid biosynthesis'. This comprehensive study provides insights into the regulatory network of genes, proteins and metabolites involved in the differential responses to Cd toxicity between rice root tips and mature zones.
摘要：
Maize (Zea mays) cultivation is strongly affected by both abiotic and biotic stress, leading to reduced growth and productivity. It has recently become clear that regulators of plant stress responses, including the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA), together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), shape plant growth and development. Beyond their well established functions in stress responses, these molecules play crucial roles in balancing growth and defense, which must be finely tuned to achieve high yields in crops while maintaining some level of defense. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of recent research on the developmental functions of stress regulators, focusing specifically on maize. By unraveling the contributions of these regulators to maize development, we present new avenues for enhancing maize cultivation and growth while highlighting the potential risks associated with manipulating stress regulators to enhance grain yields in the face of environmental challenges.
摘要：
The color of the seed coat has great diversity and is regarded as a biomarker of metabolic variations. Here we isolated a soybean variant (BLK) from a population of recombinant inbred lines with a black seed coat, while its sibling plants have yellow seed coats (YL). The BLK and YL plants showed no obvious differences in vegetative growth and seed weight. However, the BLK seeds had higher anthocyanins and flavonoids level and showed tolerance to various abiotic stresses including herbicide, oxidation, salt, and alkalinity during germination. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that the upregulation of biosynthetic genes probably contributed to the overaccumulation of flavonoids in BLK seeds. The transient expression of those biosynthetic genes in soybean root hairs increased the levels of total flavonoids or anthocyanins. Our study revealed the molecular basis of flavonoid accumulation in soybean seeds, leveraging genetic engineering for both nutritious and stress-tolerant soybean germplasm.
摘要：
Tocopherol is an important lipid-soluble antioxidant beneficial for both human health and plant growth. Here, we fine mapped a major QTL-qVE1 affecting γ-tocopherol content in maize kernel, positionally cloned and confirmed the underlying gene ZmPORB1 (por1), as a protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. A 13.7 kb insertion reduced the tocopherol and chlorophyll content, and the photosynthetic activity by repressing ZmPORB1 expression in embryos of NIL-K22, but did not affect the levels of the tocopherol precursors HGA (homogentisic acid) and PMP (phytyl monophosphate). Furthermore, ZmPORB1 is inducible by low oxygen and light, thereby involved in the hypoxia response in developing embryos. Concurrent with natural hypoxia in embryos, the redox state has been changed with NO increasing and H(2)O(2) decreasing, which lowered γ-tocopherol content via scavenging reactive nitrogen species. In conclusion, we proposed that the lower light-harvesting chlorophyll content weakened embryo photosynthesis, leading to fewer oxygen supplies and consequently diverse hypoxic responses including an elevated γ-tocopherol consumption. Our findings shed light on the mechanism for fine-tuning endogenous oxygen concentration in the maize embryo through a novel feedback pathway involving the light and low oxygen regulation of ZmPORB1 expression and chlorophyll content.
期刊：
Journal of Environmental Management,2024年352:119851 ISSN：0301-4797
通讯作者：
Zhu, ML
作者机构：
[Xu, Junbing] Minjiang Univ, NewHuadu Business Sch, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, Minling] Hunan Agr Univ, Econ Coll, Changsha City, Hunan Province, Peoples R China.;[Zhan, Shaoguo] Chinese Acad Social Sci, Inst Chinese Borderland Studies, Beijing City, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Junbing] Area 1,200,Xiyuangong Rd, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, Minling] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Room 219,North 10th Teaching Bldg,1 Yuanda Rd, Changsha City 410125, Hunan Province, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, ML ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Econ Coll, Changsha City, Hunan Province, Peoples R China.
摘要：
With global warming, cities are vulnerable to extreme weather, increasing the climate risk to cities worldwide. Although existing literature has examined the ex-post impacts of extreme weather, it is less clear how climate risk affects cites before extreme weather occur. To lower the risk of urban waterlogging, which is caused by extreme weather, and improve the ability of cities to adapt to extreme weather, China launched the Sponge City Project (SCP) in 2013 to manage the urban stormwater and waterlogging. Adopting the SCP pilot in China as a quasi-natural experiment, we examine the impact of the climate risk caused by urban stormwater and waterlogging on the house price with the difference-in-differences (DID) method. We find that after implementing the SCP pilot program, the house price in pilot cities increased significantly because of the improvement in cities' resilience to climate risk. Additionally, this effect was only demonstrated in cities with a high waterlogging risk. For SCP pilot cities with lower waterlogging risk, the house price is not significantly affected by SCP implementation. This indicates that the house price in China is sensitive to the climate risk caused by the urban stormwater and waterlogging. Our findings also contribute to the understanding of the significance of the climate risk management, and provided theoretical evidence for urban governance.
作者机构：
[Wu, Ya; Zeng, Zaohai; Xia, Rui; Liu, Yuanlong; He, Yehua; Chen, Chengjie; Xu, Jing; Chen, CJ] South China Agr Univ, Coll Hort, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobio, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Zaohai; Xia, Rui; Liu, Yuanlong; Chen, Chengjie; Xu, Jing; Chen, CJ] South China Agr Univ, Key Lab Biol & Germplasm Enhancement Hort Crops So, Minist Agr & Rural Affair, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Zaohai; Xia, Rui; Liu, Yuanlong; Chen, Chengjie; Xu, Jing; Chen, CJ] South China Agr Univ, Guangdong Lab Lingnan Modern Agr, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Li, Jiawei] Jinan Univ, Guangdong Hongkong Macau Inst CNS Regenerat, Guangdong Key Lab Nonhuman Primate Res, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xiao] Henan Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Crop Stress Adaptat & Improvement, Henan Joint Int Lab Crop MultiOm Res, Kaifeng 475004, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, CJ; Xia, R ] S;South China Agr Univ, Coll Hort, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobio, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;South China Agr Univ, Key Lab Biol & Germplasm Enhancement Hort Crops So, Minist Agr & Rural Affair, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;South China Agr Univ, Guangdong Lab Lingnan Modern Agr, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
BSA-seq;TBtools-II;biological big data;plugin
摘要：
Since the official release of the stand-alone bioinformatics toolkit TBtools in 2020, its superior functionality in data analysis has been demonstrated by its widespread adoption by many thousands of users and references in more than 5000 academic articles. Now, TBtools is a commonly used tool in biological laboratories. Over the past 3 years, thanks to invaluable feedback and suggestions from numerous users, we have optimized and expanded the functionality of the toolkit, leading to the development of an upgraded version-TBtools-II. In this upgrade, we have incorporated over 100 new features, such as those for comparative genomics analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and data visualization. Meanwhile, to better meet the increasing needs of personalized data analysis, we have launched the plugin mode, which enables users to develop their own plugins and manage their selection, installation, and removal according to individual needs. To date, the plugin store has amassed over 50 plugins, with more than half of them being independently developed and contributed by TBtools users. These plugins offer a range of data analysis options including co-expression network analysis, single-cell data analysis, and bulked segregant analysis sequencing data analysis. Overall, TBtools is now transforming from a stand-alone software to a comprehensive bioinformatics platform of a vibrant and cooperative community in which users are also developers and contributors. By promoting the theme"one for all, all for one", we believe that TBtools-II will greatly benefit more biological researchers in this big-data era.
通讯机构：
[Qingyun Yan] E;Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
关键词：
Interdomain interactions;Microbial community;Network complexity;Trophic status
摘要：
The maize LSCgene, encoding a large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, modulates dNTP synthesis, subsidiary cell development and plant growth. The four-celled stomatal complex consists of a pair of guard cells (GCs) and two subsidiary cells (SCs) in grasses, which supports a fast adjustment of stomatal aperture. The formation and development of SCs are thus important for stomatal functionality. Here, we report a maize lost subsidiary cells (lsc) mutant, with many stomata lacking one or two SCs. The loss of SCs is supposed to have resulted from impeded subsidiary mother cell (SMC) polarization and asymmetrical division. Besides the defect in SCs, the lsc mutant also displays a dwarf morphology and pale and striped newly-grown leaves. LSC encodes a large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), an enzyme involved in deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) synthesis. Consistently, the concentration of dNTPs and expression of genes involved in DNA replication, cell cycle progression, and SC development were significantly reduced in the lsc mutant compared with the wild-type B73 inbred line. Conversely, overexpression of maize LSC increased dNTP synthesis and promoted plant growth in both maize and Arabidopsis. Our data indicate that LSC regulates dNTP production and is required for SMC polarization, SC differentiation, and growth of maize.
作者机构：
[Dai, Lin Jian; Dai, LJ; Sun, Cheng Lin; Rang, Zhong Wen] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Hui Lin; Cheng, Zhi Jun] China Tobacco Hunan Ind Co Ltd, Raw Mat Procurement Ctr, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Dong Bo] China Tobacco Hunan Ind Co Ltd, Tech Ctr, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;[Xie, You] China Tobacco Corp Guizhou Prov Co, Tongren City Co, Jiangkou Branch, Tongren 554300, Peoples R China.
摘要：
To explore the influence of wind speed on the quality of tobacco in this study, we employed a heat pump-powered intensive curing barn and a three-stage curing process. By evaluating the influence of fan parameters on the quality of tobacco leaves at different curing stages, the optimal wind speed was determined. After adopting the optimized wind speed process, the degradation of macromolecular substances was faster, the accumulation of aroma substances was delayed to 55°C, and the accumulation was more complete. Among them, the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar in flue-cured tobacco leaves were 22.25% and 29.2%, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group. The sugar was converted into more aroma substances, and the total amount of neutral aroma substances was 48.82% higher than that of the control group. The content of related aroma substances increased significantly. The content of petroleum ether extract related to aroma substances increased by 0.93% compared with the control group. The macromolecular substances were degraded more fully than the control group, such as the starch content decreased to 1.56%. The results of metabolomics showed that the contents of aldehydes, heterocyclic compounds, alcohols, ketones and esters increased significantly in different degrees after this process. These results show that the optimization of wind speed parameters can significantly improve the baking quality of tobacco leaves. This study provides a reference for the optimization of the flue-cured tobacco baking process.
通讯机构：
[Houxiang Kang; Houxiang Kang Houxiang Kang Houxiang Kang] S;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
关键词：
3′-UTR;CRISPR/Cas9 technology;domestication;genome-wide association study;rice blast resistance;susceptibility genes
摘要：
Traditional rice blast resistance breeding largely depends on utilizing typical resistance (R) genes. However, the lack of durable R genes has prompted rice breeders to find new resistance resources. Susceptibility (S) genes are potential new targets for resistance genetic engineering using genome-editing technologies, but identifying them is still challenging. Here, through the integration of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and transcriptional analysis, we identified two genes, RNG1 and RNG3, whose polymorphisms in 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) affected their expression variations. These polymorphisms could serve as molecular markers to identify rice blast-resistant accessions. Editing the 3'-UTRs using CRISPR/Cas9 technology affected the expression levels of two genes, which were positively associated with rice blast susceptibility. Knocking out either RNG1 or RNG3 in rice enhanced the rice blast and bacterial blight resistance, without impacting critical agronomic traits. RNG1 and RNG3 have two major genotypes in diverse rice germplasms. The frequency of the resistance genotype of these two genes significantly increased from landrace rice to modern cultivars. The obvious selective sweep flanking RNG3 suggested it has been artificially selected in modern rice breeding. These results provide new targets for S gene identification and open avenues for developing novel rice blast-resistant materials.
摘要：
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice (Oryza sativa) is particularly problematic due to its high risk to human health. Investigating the hidden roles of seed endophytes of rice in influencing Cd accumulation is essential to comprehensively understand the effects of biotic and abiotic factors to food security. Here, the content of Cd in soils and rice (Huanghuazhan) seeds from 19 sites along the Yangtze River exhibited considerable differences. From a biotic perspective, we observed the dominant endophytic bacteria, Stenotrophomonas (7.25 %), contribute to Cd control of rice (below 0.2mg kg(-1)). Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis further suggested that Enterobacteriaceae (15.48 %), altitude and pH were found to be the strong variables that might reduce the Cd uptake of rice. In contrast, Cytophagaceae (0.58 %), latitude and mean annual air pressure had the opposite effect. In pot experiments, after respectively inoculating the isolated endophytic bacteria Stenotrophomonas T4 and Enterobacter R1, N1 (f_Enterobacteriaceae), the Cd contents in shoot decreased by 47.6 %, 21.9 % and 33.0 % compared to controls. The distribution of Cd resistant genes (e.g., czcABC, nccAB, cznA) of Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacteriaceaea and Cytophagaceae further suggested their distinct manners in influencing the Cd uptake of rice. Overall, this study provides new insights into the food security threatened by globally widespread Cd pollution.
作者机构：
[Deng, Min; Luo, Hongbing; Guo, Huanle] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Zhihui; Li, Han; Guo, Huanle; Cao, Zhongyang; Tang, Bin; Zeng, Qiang] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Crop Res Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Deng, Min; Luo, Hongbing] Maize Engn Technol Res Ctr Hunan Prov, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Feng] Hubei Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocatalysis & Enzyme Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Luo, HB ; Tang, B ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Agron, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Crop Res Inst, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;Maize Engn Technol Res Ctr Hunan Prov, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
maize;cadmium;proteomics;kernel;mutant
摘要：
The contamination of agricultural soil with cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal, poses a significant environmental challenge, affecting crop growth, development, and human health. Previous studies have established the pivotal role of the ZmHMA3 gene, a P-type ATPase heavy metal transporter, in determining variable Cd accumulation in maize grains among 513 inbred lines. To decipher the molecular mechanism underlying mutation-induced phenotypic differences mediated by ZmHMA3, we conducted a quantitative tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis of immature maize kernels. This analysis aimed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in wild-type B73 and ZmHMA3 null mutant under Cd stress. The findings demonstrated that ZmHMA3 accumulated higher levels of Cd compared to B73 when exposed to varying Cd concentrations in the soil. In comparison to soil with a low Cd concentration, B73 and ZmHMA3 exhibited 75 and 142 DEPs, respectively, with 24 common DEPs shared between them. ZmHMA3 showed a higher induction of upregulated genes related to Cd stress than B73. Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism was specifically enriched in B73, while phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism appeared to play a more significant role in ZmHMA3. This study provides proteomics insights into unraveling the molecular mechanism underlying the differences in Cd accumulation in maize kernels.
摘要：
Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant hormone that plays critical roles in basal defence and amplification of local immune responses and establishes resistance against various pathogens. However, the comprehensive knowledge of the salicylic acid 5-hydroxylase (S5H) in rice-pathogen interaction is still elusive. Here, we reported that three OsS5H homologues displayed salicylic acid 5-hydroxylase activity, converting SA into 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA). OsS5H1, OsS5H2, and OsS5H3 were preferentially expressed in rice leaves at heading stage and responded quickly to exogenous SA treatment. We found that bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) strongly induced the expression of OsS5H1, OsS5H2, and OsS5H3. Rice plants overexpressing OsS5H1, OsS5H2, and OsS5H3 showed significantly decreased SA contents and increased 2,5-DHBA levels, and were more susceptible to bacterial blight and rice blast. A simple single guide RNA (sgRNA) was designed to create oss5h1oss5h2oss5h3 triple mutants through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene mutagenesis. The oss5h1oss5h2oss5h3 exhibited stronger resistance to Xoo than single oss5h mutants. And oss5h1oss5h2oss5h3 plants displayed enhanced rice blast resistance. The conferred pathogen resistance in oss5h1oss5h2oss5h3 was attributed to the significantly upregulation of OsWRKY45 and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Besides, flg22-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst was enhanced in oss5h1oss5h2oss5h3. Collectively, our study provides a fast and effective approach to generate rice varieties with broad-spectrum disease resistance through OsS5H gene editing.
摘要：
The members of the GRAS gene family play important roles in regulating plant growth and development, but their functions in regulating early plant maturity traits are still unknown. In this study, we used a series of bioinformatics tools to identify GRAS gene family members and investigate the function of the gene family (GhGRAS55) using a genome-wide database of upland cotton samples. A total of 58 members of the GRAS gene family were identified and screened, which were distributed on 21 chromosomes within the whole cotton genome. The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that the genes of upland cotton, island cotton, African cotton, Raymond cotton, and Arabidopsis were distributed in subfamilies I-VIII, although subfamily II did not contain any upland cotton or Arabidopsis GRAS family members. The structures and other characteristics of the genes in this family were clarified using bioinformatics technology. The transcriptomic sequencing results for early and late maturing cotton species showed that the expression of most GRAS family genes, such as GhGRAS10, GhGRAS5511, and GhGRAS55, was lower in early maturing species than late maturing species. We also found that cotton plants with GhGRAS55 genes that were silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology showed early bud emergence phenotypes, so it could be speculated that the GhGRAS55 gene has the function of regulating early maturity in cotton.
通讯机构：
[Liu, ZQ ] ;South China Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Plant Mol Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;South China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobio, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Understanding the evolutionary forces in speciation is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Asian cultivated rice has two subspecies, indica and japonica, but the underlying mechanism of the partial reproductive isolation between them remains obscure. Here we show a presence-absence variation (PAV) at the Se locus functions as an indica-japonica reproductive barrier by causing hybrid sterility (HS) in indica-japonica crosses. The locus comprises two adjacent genes: ORF3 encodes a sporophytic pollen killer, whereas ORF4 protects pollen in a gametophytic manner. In F-1 of indica-japonica crosses, pollen with the japonica haplotype, which lacks the sequence containing the protective ORF4, is aborted due to the pollen-killing effect of ORF3 from indica. Evolutionary analysis suggests ORF3 is a gene associated with the Asian cultivated rice species complex, and the PAV has contributed to the reproductive isolation between the two subspecies of Asian cultivated rice. Our analyses provide perspectives on rice inter-subspecies post-zygotic isolation, and will promote efforts to overcome reproductive barriers in indica-japonica hybrid rice breeding. The mechanisms of the partial reproductive isolation between the two subspecies of rice remains obscure. Here, the authors show that the two adjacent genes form a killer-protector system to induce hybrid male sterility and reproductive isolation between indica and japonica.
关键词：
Gynecological disorder;Immunohistochemistry;Kangfuxiaomi suppository;Pelvic inflammation disease;Vaginal drug delivery
摘要：
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is commonly encountered in gynecological practice. Kangfuxiaomi suppository, made from the compound extract of Periplaneta Americana, is a Traditional Chinese Medicine remedy widely used for the treatment of gynecological disorders. This study aimed to preliminarily explore the therapeutic effect of Kangfuxiaomi suppository in a rat model of PID established by chemical injury and pathogen infection. The key parameters assessed were vulvar inflammation score, vaginal +uterine organ index, and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-8; tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; C-reactive protein (CRP); superoxide dismutase (SOD); and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, levels of IL-6, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and IL-2 in cervical tissues as well as that of IL-1β and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE2) in uterine tissues were measured. The expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in uterine tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method. After Kangfuxiaomi suppository treatment, the vulva inflammation score and histopathological score of PID rats showed a tendency to decrease. Serum IL-8, TNF-α, CRP, and MDA levels were reduced, while SOD levels were significantly increased. Levels of IL-6, IL-2, and COX-2 in cervical tissues were somewhat decreased, and PGE2 and IL-1β levels in uterine tissue were significantly decreased. Moreover, the levels of NF-κB p65 and TLR4 protein expression were also decreased. These findings demonstrated the therapeutic effect of Kangfuxiaomi suppository in PID rats. The underlying mechanism may involve enhanced antioxidant capacity and decreased secretion of proinflammatory factors via the NF-κB/TLR4 signaling pathway.
摘要：
Peanut is an economically-important oilseed crop and needs a large amount of calcium for its normal growth and development. Calcium deficiency usually leads to embryo abortion and subsequent abnormal pod development. Different tolerance to calcium deficiency has been observed between different cultivars, especially between large and small-seed cultivars. In order to figure out different molecular mechanisms in defensive responses between two cultivars, we treated a sensitive (large-seed) and a tolerant (small-seed) cultivar with different calcium levels. The transcriptome analysis identified a total of 58 and 61 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within small-seed and large-seed peanut groups under different calcium treatments, and these DEGs were entirely covered by gene modules obtained via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the blue-module genes in the large-seed cultivar were mainly enriched in plant-pathogen attack, phenolic metabolism and MAPK signaling pathway, while the green-module genes in the small-seed cultivar were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism including glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolisms. By integrating DEGs with WGCNA, a total of eight hub-DEGs were finally identified, suggesting that the large-seed cultivar concentrated more on plant defensive responses and antioxidant activities under calcium deficiency, while the small-seed cultivar mainly focused on maintaining membrane features to enable normal photosynthesis and signal transduction. The identified hub genes might give a clue for future gene validation and molecular breeding to improve peanut survivability under calcium deficiency.
摘要：
Graphical Abstract and Lay Summary The SPAD value is directly proportional to the nitrogen nutrition of crops. By analyzing the SPAD value, the growth status of plants can be understood, agricultural production management measures can be adjusted in a timely manner, and crop growth and development can be optimized. In this study, a widely used feature extraction method was introduced in finance and stock markets, namely MF‐DFA, to extract multifractal features of cotton canopy spectra, and introduced vegetation index for feature fusion. A hyperspectral feature fusion SPAD value inversion model and a recognition model with different fertilization rates was proposed, achieving excellent model performance. This provides more reference for crop parameter inversion and recognition research. Abstract Hyperspectral remote sensing technology is becoming increasingly popular in various fields due to its ability to provide detailed information about crop growth and nutritional status. The use of hyperspectral technology to predict SPAD (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development) values during cotton growth and adopt precise fertilization management measures is crucial for achieving high yield and fertilizer efficiency. To detect the nitrogen nutrition in cotton canopy leaves quickly, a non‐destructive nitrogen nutrition retrieval model was proposed based on the spectral fusion features of the cotton canopy. The hyperspectral vegetation index and multifractal features were fused to predict the SPAD value and identify the amount of fertilizer applied at different levels. The random decision forest algorithm was used as the model predictor and classifier. A method was introduced which was widely used in the fields of finance and stocks (MF‐DFA) into the field of agriculture to extract fractal features of cotton spectral reflectance. Comparing the fusion feature with multi‐fractal feature and vegetation index, the results showed that the fusion feature parameters had higher accuracy and better stability than using a single feature or feature combination. The R2 was as high as 0.8363, and the RMSE was 1.8767%. Our intelligent model provides a new idea for detecting nitrogen nutrition in cotton canopy leaves rapidly.
