摘要:
Dark tea is a unique fermented tea produced by solid-state fermentation of tea leaves (Camellia sinensis). It includes ripe Pu-erh tea, Fu brick tea, Liupao tea, and other teas. Microbial fermentation is considered to be the key factor controlling the quality of dark tea. It involves a series of reactions that modify the chemical constituents of tea leaves. These chemical conversions during microbial fermentation of dark tea are associated with a variety of functional core microorganisms. Further, Multi-omics approaches have been used to reveal the microbial impact on the conversion of the chemical components in dark tea. In the present review, we provide an overview of the most recent advances in the knowledge of the microbial bioconversion of the chemical components in dark tea, including the chemical composition of dark tea, microbial community composition and dynamics during the fermentation process, and the role of microorganisms in biotransformation of chemical constituents.
摘要:
An increasing amount of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota composition and structure contribute to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MS), which has been put forward as a new target in the treatment of diet-induced MS. In this work, we aimed to investigate effects of Fuzhuan brick tea polysaccharides (FBTPS) on MS and gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice and to further investigate whether its attenuation of MS is related to the modulation of gut microbiota. The results showed that FBTPS intervention could significantly attenuate metabolic syndrome in HFD-induced mice. Based on results of sequencing, FBTPS treatment could increase the phylogenetic diversity of HFD-induced microbiota. FBTPS intervention could significantly restore the HFD-induced increases in relative abundances of Erysipelotrichaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, and Streptococcaceae. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that 44 key OTUs were negatively or positively associated with MS. Our results suggested that FBTPS could serve as a novel candidate for prevention of MS in association with the modulation of gut microbiota.
关键词:
Genetic engineering;High-throughput screening;Molecular engineering in plants;Mutation;Next-generation sequencing;Gene editing
摘要:
Developing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated non-transgenic mutants in asexually propagated perennial crop plants is challenging but highly desirable. Here, we report a highly useful method using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient CRISPR/Cas9 gene expression system to create non-transgenic mutant plants without the need for sexual segregation. We have also developed a rapid, cost-effective, and high-throughput mutant screening protocol based on Illumina sequencing followed by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Using tetraploid tobacco as a model species and the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene as a target, we successfully created and expediently identified mutant plants, which were verified as tetra-allelic mutants. We produced pds mutant shoots at a rate of 47.5% from tobacco leaf explants, without the use of antibiotic selection. Among these pds plants, 17.2% were confirmed to be non-transgenic, for an overall non-transgenic mutation rate of 8.2%. Our method is reliable and effective in creating non-transgenic mutant plants without the need to segregate out transgenes through sexual reproduction. This method should be applicable to many economically important, heterozygous, perennial crop species that are more difficult to regenerate.
作者:
Chalhoub, Boulos*;Denoeud, France;Liu, Shengyi;Parkin, Isobel A. P.;Tang, Haibao;...
期刊:
Science,2014年345(6199):950-953 ISSN:0036-8075
通讯作者:
Chalhoub, Boulos
作者机构:
[Vinh Ha Dinh Thi; Mestiri, Imen; Chalabi, Smahane; Jabbari, Kamel; Just, Jeremy; Lu, Yunhai; Arnaud, Dominique; Canaguier, Aurelie; Le Clainche, Isabelle; Chalhoub, Boulos; Chelaifa, Houda; Belcram, Harry] Univ Evry Val dEssone, Inst Natl Rech Agron INRA, Unite Rech Genom Vegetale, UMR1165, F-91057 Evry, France.;[Da Silva, Corinne; Denoeud, France; Bento, Pascal; Wincker, Patrick; Labadie, Karine; Alberti, Adriana; Correa, Margot; Noel, Benjamin; Bernard, Maria; Aury, Jean-Marc; Battail, Christophe] Commissariat Energie Atom CEA, Inst Genom IG, F-91057 Evry, France.;[Denoeud, France; Wincker, Patrick] Univ Evry Val dEssone, UMR 8030, F-91057 Evry, France.;[Denoeud, France; Wincker, Patrick] Ctr Natl Rech Sci CNRS, UMR 8030, Evry, France.;[Hu, Qiong; Wang, Xinfa; Tong, Chaobo; Liu, Shengyi; Hua, Wei] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Oil Crops, Minist Agr Peoples Republ China, Oil Crops Res Inst, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Chalhoub, Boulos] U;Univ Evry Val dEssone, Inst Natl Rech Agron INRA, Unite Rech Genom Vegetale, UMR1165, 2 Rue Gaston Cremieux, F-91057 Evry, France.
摘要:
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was formed ∼7500 years ago by hybridization between B. rapa and B. oleracea, followed by chromosome doubling, a process known as allopolyploidy. Together with more ancient polyploidizations, this conferred an aggregate 72x genome multiplication since the origin of angiosperms and high gene content.We examined the B. napus genome and the consequences of its recent duplication. The constituent An and Cn subgenomes are engaged in subtle structural, functional, and epigenetic cross-talk, with abundant homeologous exchanges. Incipient gene loss and expression divergence have begun. Selection in B. napus oilseed types has accelerated the loss of glucosinolate genes, while preserving expansion of oil biosynthesis genes. These processes provide insights into allopolyploid evolution and its relationship with crop domestication and improvement.