摘要：
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) can be used as carrier materials for the controlled release of pesticides while reducing their negative environmental impact. In this study, we screened an active ingredient, p-cymene (PC), with an excellent inhibitory effect on rice bacterial blight. Subsequently, the PC was successfully loaded onto MSNs via physisorption (PC@MSNs). PC@MSNs, characterized by a regular spherical shape, smooth surface, and an MSN average size of 262.9 nm, achieved an 8.6% drug loading capacity. The release kinetics of the PC from the PC@MSNs demonstrated a sustained release (288 h) pattern influenced by drug diffusion. The efficacy of the PC@MSNs against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae paralleled those of PC. Acute toxicity assays revealed that the PC@MSNs were less toxic to aquatic life (LC(50) = 257.867 mg/L) and that the formulation showed no adverse effects on rice seedling growth. In summary, these results suggest that PC@MSNs can broaden PC's scope of application in managing rice diseases.
摘要：
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola secretes effectors into rice tissues to modulate host immunity. Here, we characterised MgCRT1, a calreticulin protein of M. graminicola, and identified its target in the plant. In situ hybridisation showed MgCRT1 mRNA accumulating in the subventral oesophageal gland in J2 nematodes. Immunolocalization indicated MgCRT1 localises in the giant cells during parasitism. Host-induced gene silencing of MgCRT1 reduced the infection ability of M. graminicola, while over-expressing MgCRT1 enhanced rice susceptibility to M. graminicola. A yeast two-hybrid approach identified the calmodulin-like protein OsCML31 as an interactor of MgCRT1. OsCML31 interacts with the high mobility group protein OsHMGB1 which is a conserved DNA binding protein. Knockout of OsCML31 or overexpression of OsHMGB1 in rice results in enhanced susceptibility to M. graminicola. In contrast, overexpression of OsCML31 or knockout of OsHMGB1 in rice decreases susceptibility to M. graminicola. The GST-pulldown and luciferase complementation imaging assay showed that MgCRT1 decreases the interaction of OsCML31 and OsHMGB1 in a competitive manner. In conclusion, when M. graminicola infects rice and secretes MgCRT1 into rice, MgCRT1 interacts with OsCML31 and decreases the association of OsCML31 with OsHMGB1, resulting in the release of OsHMGB1 to enhance rice susceptibility.
摘要：
This study presents the development of thermoresponsive pyraclostrobin (PYR) microcapsules (PYR@PNIPAm-MCs) designed for controlled temperature-regulated pesticide release. These microcapsules, characterized by a regular spherical shape, smooth surface, and average size of 7.08 mu m, achieved a 14.99% drug loading capacity. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis confirmed the efficient encapsulation of PYR. The release kinetics of PYR from the PYR@PNIPAm-MCs demonstrated a sustained, temperature-sensitive release pattern influenced by drug diffusion and matrix erosion. The efficacy of the PYR@PNIPAm-MCs against Magnaporthe oryzae paralleled that of 97% PYR technical concentrate at elevated temperatures. Acute toxicity assays revealed a significantly reduced toxicity of PYR@PNIPAm-MCs to aquatic life (LC50 = 7.71 mg/L), and the formulation showed no adverse effects on rice seedling growth. The results underscore the potential of this formulation to enhance the application of PYR in rice disease management, offering targeted release and improved safety profiles.
摘要：
This paper reports a novel colorimetric sensor for pymetrozine based on p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid functionalized silver nanoparticles (p-ABSA-modified Ag NPs), which were characterized by IR spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The newly synthesized p-ABSA-modified Ag NPs are yellow in color due to the intense surface plasmon absorption band centered at 400nm. In the presence of pymetrozine, the yellow p-ABSA-modified Ag NPs solution turns to dark green, with a dramatic surface plasmon absorption band centered at 660nm. Moreover, high selectivity for pymetrozine was approved by the comparative experiments with an absorption ratio of A660/A400 more than 0.7. This highly sensitive sensor allows a direct and rapid quantitative assay of pymetrozine with a colorimetric limited detection concentration of 0.01mg/L.
摘要：
Globalization has provided opportunities for parasites/pathogens to cross geographic boundaries and expand to new hosts. Recent studies showed that Nosema ceranae, originally considered a microsporidian parasite of Eastern honey bees, Apis cerana, is a disease agent of nosemosis in European honey bees, Apis mellifera, along with the resident species, Nosema apis. Further studies indicated that disease caused by N. ceranae in European honey bees is far more prevalent than that caused by N. apis. In order to gain more insight into the epidemiology of Nosema parasitism in honey bees, we conducted studies to investigate infection of Nosema in its original host, Eastern honey bees, using conventional PCR and duplex real time quantitative PCR methods. Our results showed that A. cerana was infected not only with N. ceranae as previously reported [Fries, I., Feng, F., Silva, A.D., Slemenda, S.B., Pieniazek, N.J., 1996. Nosema ceranae n. sp. (Microspora, Nosematidae), morphological and molecular characterization of a microsporidian parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Eur. J. Protistol. 32, 356–365], but also with N. apis. Both microsporidia produced single and mixed infections. Overall and at each location alone, the prevalence of N. ceranae was higher than that of N. apis. In all cases of mixed infections, the number of N. ceranae gene copies (corresponding to the parasite load) significantly out numbered those of N. apis. Phylogenetic analysis based on a variable region of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) showed four distinct clades of N. apis and five clades of N. ceranae and that geographical distance does not appear to influence the genetic diversity of Nosema populations. The results from this study demonstrated that duplex real-time qPCR assay developed in this study is a valuable tool for quantitative measurement of Nosema and can be used to monitor the progression of microsprodian infections of honey bees in a timely and cost efficient manner.
摘要：
Rapeseed is one of the important oilseed crop species, and is worldwide the most important economically. The light seed colour in rapeseed is associated with improved oil, protein and fibre contents. But there are not reliable and efficient methods to measure seed colour, especially the single seed colour. Two transformations of RGB (red, green, and blue) colour space were used for two seed colour recognition methods, i.e., HSV (hue, saturation, and value) and nine colour model (NCM). Using these two colour space transformations, the performance of the common method on rapeseed colour recognition was compared with the major colour method. The common method obtained the colour recognition accuracy of 83.96% in single seed recognition and 92.72% in sample recognition. The major colour method obtained the colour recognition accuracy of 98.91% in single seed recognition and 100% in sample recognition. The major colour method combined with HSV and NCM colour space transformation proved to be a good approach for seed colour recognition of rapeseed using machine vision.
会议名称：
Applied Artificial Intelligence - 7th International FLINS Conference
摘要：
A novel Grey forecasting model for predicting S. sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary disease on winter rapeseed (B. nopus) is built based on Grey GM (1,1) model. The residual error test and the posterror test methods were used for calibration of the model. Different from other conventional forecasting methods, the GM (1,1)-based Grey calamity prediction forecasts a prediction Delta T to infer the probable year of Sclerotinia disease outbreaks according to the origin, and then uses the result to recommend spraying a field or not in order to avoid unnecessary fungicide application. Based on practical experiments in Hunan province, the threshold (integral) of the disease rate at the time when winter rapeseed begins to flower is defined as 5, and (f < 5) is called a down-calamity. The Grey forecasting model was tested at the 7 stations in 2004 and 2005 and predicted the probable year of Sclerotinia disease outbreaks and the need for fungicide application with the first-class grade and high accuracy.
