通讯机构:
[Huang Huang; Can Chen] C;College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Rice Field Ecological Planting and Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China
关键词:
direct straw return;straw biochar returning;rice-duck co-culture;culm morphology;anatomy and lodging resistance
摘要:
Abstract: Lodging has a negative effect on rice production and leads to a great loss in yield and quality. It is necessary to clarify the effects of straw return measures coupled with rice-duck co-culture on lodging and to explore a measure that can improve lodging resistance. A randomized block experiment with six treatments (rice monoculture (RNN), rice-duck co-culture (RND), direct straw return and rice monoculture (RSN), direct straw return coupled with rice-duck co-culture (RSD), straw carbon and rice monoculture (RBN), and straw carbon coupled with rice-duck co-culture (RBD)) was conducted to investigate the mechanism of the change in lodging resistance. RNN’s rice yield was 6258.02 kg ha−1. The yield of RND, RSN, RSD, and RBN increased by 15.51, 3.06, 10.23, and 1.59%, respectively, while RBD decreased by 5.01% relative to RNN. Direct straw return and straw biochar return coupled with rice-duck co-culture has both negative and positive effects on lodging resistance because of its properties. The stem’s mechanical properties were mainly decided by weight, length, plumpness, and culm anatomy. The increased bending moment at breaking, lodging strength, and bending strength with the RND, RSN, RSD, RBN, and RBD treatments increased, indicated an increase in lodging resistance. Our results clearly demonstrate that direct straw return and straw biochar return coupled with rice-duck co-culture could increase the lodging resistance. In total, rice-duck co-culture could increase the lodging resistance with a higher yield. Compared to straw biochar application, straw return can stabilize the yield and improve the lodging resistance of rice. Thus, direct straw return coupled with rice-duck co-culture should be explored for improving lodging resistance under the condition of ensuring yield. Keywords: direct straw return; straw biochar returning; rice-duck co-culture; culm morphology; anatomy and lodging resistance
摘要:
Biochar loading mixed-phase iron oxide shows great advantages as a promising catalyst owing to its eco-friendliness and low cost. Here, gamma-Fe2O3-x@biochar (E/Fe-N-BC) composite was successfully prepared by the sol-gel method combined with low-temperature (280 & DEG;C) reduction. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) result indicated that gamma-Fe2O3-x particles with the size of approximately 200 nm were well-dispersed on the surface of biochar. The CO derived from biomass pyrolysis is the main reducing component for the generation of Fe (II). The high content of Fe (II) contributed to the excellent catalytic performance of E/Fe-N-BC for quinclorac (QNC) degradation in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The removal efficiency of 10 mg/L of QNC was 100% within 30 min using 0.3 g/L gamma-Fe2O3-x@biochar catalyst and 0.8 mM PMS. The radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed that & BULL;OH and SO4 & BULL;(-) were the main radicals during the degradation of QNC. The facile and easily mass-production of gamma-Fe2O3-x@biochar with high catalytic activity make it a promising catalyst to activate PMS for the removal of organic pollutants.