作者机构：
[Li, Zhisheng; Zeng, Xiongwang] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Business, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Fusheng] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Econ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Caputo, Francesco] Univ Naples Federico II, Complesso Univ Monte St Angelo, Dept Econ Management & Inst DEMI, I-80126 Naples, NA, Italy.;[Chin, Tachia] Honghe Univ, Coll Business, Yunnan 661100, Mengzi, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Tachia Chin] C;College of Business, Honghe University, Mengzi 661100, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
production efficiency of rice;grain security;spatiotemporal evolution;influencing factors;spatial autocorrelation analysis model;geographic detector model
摘要：
In a response to the appeal for securing the rice production efficiency to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, we adopted a geographic detector model to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution trajectory and driving forces of the rice production in the world’s largest rice-producing country, China. We have analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution features and aggregation patterns of county rice production efficiency based on panel data of 122 counties in Hunan Province, one of the main grain production provinces in China, from 2006 to 2018. Our findings indicate: (1) Hunan Province’s rice production in three counties (i.e., Taoyuan, Liling, and Anren) showed the highest efficiency; there were pronounced regional variances in rice productivity which results in a sharp and rapid shrink of the range of rice productivity, (2) financial investments in agriculture, forestry, and water resources, as well as per capita disposable income of farmers, were the main determinants of the spatiotemporal variation in rice production efficiency, (3) the spatiotemporal divergence of rice production efficiency at the province level was U-shapedly, influenced by the share of secondary industry in GDP; the southern Hunan region received the biggest contribution from farmers in terms of disposable income per person at the regional level. Overall, theoretically, this study offers fresh evidence for regional optimization of rice and other grain production from a novel integrative approach of the geospatial and the land resource preservation. Practically, it provides feasible guidance for the high-quality development of grain production in China, which may also help eradicate hunger and attain sustainable grain production all over the world.
关键词：
Real options;Tax reduction;Investment subsidy;Business cycles;Investment stimuli
摘要：
Based on a calibrated real options model, this paper examines a tax-subsidy program offered by a government to stimulate corporate investment under business cycles. We derive and discuss optimal incentive policies for different states of the economy. We find that it is optimal for the government to offer a combination of tax cuts and lump-sum subsidy for stimulating levered firms' investment under business cycles. Furthermore, the government should adopt counter -cyclical tax-subsidy policy, namely a higher (lower) tax cuts and a larger (smaller) lump-sum subsidy during recessions (booms). In particular, we provide a possible explanation why many governments around the world have reduced and even implemented negative interest rates to stimulate the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Finally, our conclusions also predict that the break-even tax-subsidy program always provides effective investment stimulus under business cycles.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, F ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Econ, Changsha 410000, Peoples R China.;Suzhou Univ, Sch Management, Suzhou, Peoples R China.
关键词：
agricultural green development;evaluation framework;regional disparities;spatial dynamics;evolutionary trends
摘要：
Green development is a concept of sustainable development, aiming to protect the environment and ecosystems while meeting economic development needs. In the field of agriculture, green development has emerged as a crucial pathway for reconciling the conflicts between agricultural development and ecological conservation. To investigate the level of green development in Chinese agriculture, regional variations, and the evolutionary patterns, this paper is based on the framework of sustainable development theory. This study establishes a comprehensive evaluation system for agricultural green development and applies methods such as entropy-weighted TOPSIS, Dagum’s Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation, Moran’s I index, and Markov chains to analyze the level of agricultural green development, regional disparities, and dynamic evolution in China. The findings of this study reveal that: (1) The overall level of agricultural green development in China is steadily improving, with notable differences in the level of agricultural green development among different regions and provinces. There are significant disparities in agricultural green development between regions, and the overall disparities exhibit a fluctuating downward trend characterized by periods of increase followed by decrease. The regional disparities are identified as the primary cause of the overall disparities in agricultural green development in China. (2) The eight major economic regions in China are experiencing steady development in agricultural green practices, but there are varying degrees of polarization due to different development speeds. (3) This study also highlights a clear spatial positive correlation in the level of agricultural green development in China, with most provinces showing clustering in the first and third quadrants, indicating a “high–high” (H-H) and “low–low” (L-L) agglomeration pattern. (4) The study reveals that the level of agricultural green development in China exhibits a certain degree of stability. Over time, the probability of transitioning from lower-level regions to neighboring higher-level regions increases, and the agricultural green development level in neighboring regions can influence the spatial transfer probability within a given region. Therefore, agricultural green development demonstrates significant spatial dependence.
通讯机构：
[Lu, Shengrong] C;Center for Macroeconomic Research of Xiamen University, School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, 361005, China.
通讯机构：
[He, H ] H;Hunan Univ Sci & Engn, Res Inst Rural Revitalizat, Yongzhou 425199, Peoples R China.
关键词：
transportation infrastructure development;rural-urban income gap: urbanization;spatial inequality;spatial Dubin model;intermediary effect model
摘要：
The development of transportation infrastructure plays a pivotal role in the regional economy from multiple dimensions. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between transportation infrastructure development and income inequality in urban and rural areas of China. The study utilizes panel data from 30 provinces, spanning the years 2010 to 2020, and employs the spatial Dubin model to measure and test the impact of transportation infrastructure on the urban-rural income gap. Furthermore, an intermediary effect test method is used to investigate the potential mediating effect of urbanization in this relationship. The results indicate that transportation infrastructure has a significantly negative direct, indirect, and total effect on the urban-rural income gap, with the indirect effect being greater than the direct effect. This suggests that transportation infrastructure can effectively reduce income disparities, with a noticeable spatial spillover effect. The level of urbanization plays a significant intermediary effect on the effect of transportation infrastructure on the urban-rural income gap, highlighting the role of transportation infrastructure in improving urbanization and narrowing income disparities. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing both the level of urbanization and cooperation between neighbouring regions in order to maximize the benefits of transportation infrastructure development for reducing income disparities and promoting regional balance in China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, S ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Econ, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ Humanities Sci & Technol, Coll Math & Finance, Loudi 417000, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
energy saving;food productivity;virtual water;water use efficiency
摘要：
The management of water resources requires a correct understanding of the simultaneous management of food and energy resources. The framework of water–food–energy correlation with the approach of sustainability of resources and uses analyzes the combined management and exploitation of water, food, and energy resources with the help of scenario planning. In addition to sustainability concepts, environmental costs such as the emission of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and its impact on the environment are also discussed. In this research, according to the five defined indicators and based on the potential of using solar energy and the possibility of exploiting renewable energy sources such as solar energy, various management scenarios have been developed. After examining the virtual water management model developed in the Hunan basin as a case study, the development of the water–food–energy nexus model and its calibration, and four scenarios including improving water use efficiency, energy saving, increasing food productivity, and nexus sustainability were developed. The results showed that the nexus strategy can provide sustainability goals according to the weight of each component. After the combined scenario, improving the efficiency of water consumption can be the component with the highest priority in the decision-making model in dry areas.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Donglin; Liu, Yang; Zhang, DL; Huo, Wenwen; Zhang, Yifan; Xu, Lu; Yang, Yujie; Yu, Xiaoying; Li, Yanlin; Xiong, Xingyao; Li, Yang; Xiang, Lili] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Donglin; Liu, Yang; Zhang, DL; Huo, Wenwen; Zhang, Yifan; Xu, Lu; Yang, Yujie; Yu, Xiaoying; Li, Yanlin; Li, Yang; Xiang, Lili] Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Hort Crop Germplasm Creat & New Varie, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Ling, Lin] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Econ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yanlin; Xiong, Xingyao] Kunpeng Inst Modern Agr, Foshan 528225, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Xingyao] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Agr Genom Inst Shenzheng, Shenzhen 518120, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, DL; Yu, XY; Li, YL ] H;[Zhang, DL ] U;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Hort, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Hort Crop Germplasm Creat & New Varie, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Kunpeng Inst Modern Agr, Foshan 528225, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum;light quality;leaf color;gene expression;anthocyanin
摘要：
Light quality is a vital environmental signal used to trigger growth and to develop structural differentiation in plants, and it influences morphological, physiological, and biochemical metabolites. In previous studies, different light qualities were found to regulate the synthesis of anthocyanin. However, the mechanism of the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves in response to light quality remains unclear. In this study, the Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum "Xiangnong Fendai" plant was treated with white light (WL), blue light (BL), ultraviolet-A light (UL), and blue light plus ultraviolet-A light (BL + UL), respectively. Under BL, the leaves were described as increasing in redness from "olive green" to "reddish-brown". The chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and total flavonoid content were significantly higher at 7 d than at 0 d. In addition, BL treatment also significantly increased the accumulation of soluble sugar and soluble protein. In contrast to BL, ultraviolet-A light increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes in the leaves, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in varying degrees over time. Moreover, we also found that the CRY-like gene, HY5-like gene, BBX-like gene, MYB-like gene, CHS-like gene, DFR-like gene, ANS-like gene, and UFGT-like gene were significantly upregulated. Furthermore, the SOD-like, POD-like, and CAT-like gene expressions related to antioxidase synthesis were found under ultraviolet-A light conditions. In summary, BL is more conducive to reddening the leaves of "Xiangnong Fendai" and will not lead to excessive photooxidation. This provides an effective ecological strategy for light-induced leaf-color changes, thereby promoting the ornamental and economic value of L. chinense var. rubrum.
