通讯机构:
[Xie, XX ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Econ Coll, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Environmental regulation;Plastic pollution;High-standard mulch film;Use and recycling behavior
摘要:
The widespread use of ultra-thin mulch films has been considered the root cause of China's difficulties in recycling waste mulch films and their severe residue and pollution. Therefore, environmental regulation to guide farmers to use and recycle high-standard mulch has become a key measure to prevent and control mulch pollution at the source. In this paper, we review environmental regulation measures for mulch pollution and their implementation characteristics in the northwest dry farming restoration region as a case study, and explore their impact on the use and recycling of high-standard mulch. The results show that China's environmental regulations on mulch use and recycling can be classified into three types: guidance, incentives, and restrictions. However, the measures implemented so far primarily consist of guidance, while the restrictive and incentive regulations are inadequate. The percentage of farmers using and recycling high-standard mulch under environmental regulations is relatively high (88.18% and 79.83%, respectively), but there is still room for improvement. The study also reveals that while environmental regulations promote the use of high-standard plastic film and its recycling, not all measures are equally effective. Specifically, the implementation of measures such as benefits publicity, price subsidies, technical training, behavior supervision, and punishment mechanisms can be effective in improving farmers' adoption of high-standard plastic mulch; publicizing the hazards of mulch residue, training on recycling techniques, establishing recycling sites, regulating recycling practices, and penalizing violations can effectively help increase the recycling rate of used mulch film. Finally, this study provides a valuable reference for improving regulatory policies for mulch pollution control.
作者机构:
[Qu, Feng; Huang, Yuanyu; Zhao, Yi; Yang, Ge; Zhang, Xiaomin] Beijing Inst Technol, Adv Res Inst Multidisciplinary Sci, Sch Life Sci, Key Lab Mol Med & Biotherapy,Key Lab Med Mol Sci &, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Ge] Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll, CAMS Key Lab Antiviral Drug Res, Beijing Key Lab Antimicrobial Agents, Inst Med Biotechnol,NHC Key Lab Biotechnol Antibio, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China.;[Dai, Xuyan] Hunan Agr Univ, Econ Coll, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Wenjing] Capital Med Univ, Beijing Chest Hosp, Beijing TB & Thorac Tumor Res Inst, Beijing Key Lab Drug Resistance TB Res, Beijing 101125, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Yuanyu Huang; Ge Yang] K;Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China<&wdkj&>CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
摘要:
As a type II transmembrane serine protease, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is specifically expressed on the surface of fibroblasts associated with a variety of epithelial-derived malignancies such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. It participates in the processes of tumorigenesis, progression, and immunosuppression. FAP constitutes an important target for tumor treatment; however, the current studies on FAP are mainly related to structural characteristics, enzymatic properties, and biological functions, and aptamers of FAP have not been investigated. In this work, by using recombinant human FAP as the target, five candidate aptamers, which are AptFAP-A1, AptFAP-A2, AptFAP-A3, AptFAP-A4, and AptFAP-A5, were selected by capillary electrophoresis-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (CE-SELEX), and their secondary structures were predicted to be mainly stem-loop. Moreover, the CE-laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method was used to determine the equilibrium dissociation constant K-D values between the FAP protein and candidate aptamers, and the K-D value was in the low molar range. Finally, Cy5-labeled aptamers were co-incubated with human pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts highly expressing FAP protein, and confocal microscopy imaging showed that aptamer AptFAP-A4 had the highest affinities with the cells. The FAP aptamers screened in this study provide a promising direction for the development of rapid tumor diagnosis and targeted therapy.
作者机构:
[Wang, Yaoyao; Kuang, Yuanpei] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Econ, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Yaoyao] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Bangor Coll, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Yuanpei Kuang] S;School of Economics, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410125, China
关键词:
high-quality agricultural development;regional disparity;driving mechanism;spatio-temporal range improved entropy approach
摘要:
Abstract: Based on China’s new development philosophy and the connotation of high-quality agricultural development, this study constructed a six-dimensional comprehensive evaluation framework: innovation-effectiveness-sustainability-coordination-openness-sharing. The spatio-temporal-range-improved entropy approach and the Dagum Gini coefficient were applied to evaluate and analyze the level of regional disparities and the dynamic distribution characteristics of high-quality agricultural development in China in the period from 2010 to 2018. The result shows that the level of high-quality agricultural development in China has steadily improved in general, but there exist prominent structural problems. Concerning regional differences, it indicated a pattern dominated by the pattern of “high in the east and low in the west”, mainly arising from the inter-regional disparity, with a gradual downward trend during the selected period. This study also comprehensively explored the four-dimensional driving mechanisms (production conditions, productivity, production relations, and production efficiency), and further examined the driving paths of various variables and regional heterogeneity using a panel Tobit model. Keywords: high-quality agricultural development; regional disparity; driving mechanism; spatio-temporal range improved entropy approach
通讯机构:
[Liu, MZY; Liu, H ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Econ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词:
climate change;carbon emissions during grain production;green technology progress;farmland scale;fertilizer use;multiple cropping index
摘要:
Abstract: Abnormal climatic changes and related disasters are increasing in prevalence, with many negative impacts on ecosystems and agricultural production. The area of land in China is vast, including diverse terrain and climate types, and a substantial area is used to grow food crops. Therefore, climate change is having a huge impact on China’s grain production. Currently, the relationship between climate change and carbon emissions during grain production and the underlying mechanism have not been fully clarified. Therefore, this study used an ordinary least squares regression (OLS) model and the system generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) to examine the influence of climatic change and carbon emissions during grain production, and we constructed mediation effect models to explore the mechanism of influence between them by utilizing panel data in China from 2000 to 2020. In addition, we also examined the adjustment effect of green technology progress and farmland scale. The study found that China’s carbon emissions during grain production increased from 2000 to 2015 and then presented a decreasing trend after 2015. We found that the annual average temperature has a prominent positive effect on carbon emissions during grain production, while the annual average rainfall has a negative effect. Among them, temperature changes mainly lead to the increase in carbon emissions during grain production through the increase in “fertilizer use” and “multiple cropping index”, but the mechanism of rainfall changes’ impact on carbon emissions during grain production is still unclear. In addition, green technology progress and farmland scale play adjustment roles in the impact of climate change on carbon emissions during grain production, and they could significantly suppress carbon emissions. On the basis of the conclusions in this paper, we propose that strengthening climate change adaptation is an important prerequisite for reducing carbon emissions during grain production. Furthermore, China should continue to reduce fertilizer use, facilitate the application of agriculture green technology, and expand the scale of farmland to achieve agricultural carbon emission reduction. Keywords: climate change; carbon emissions during grain production; green technology progress; farmland scale; fertilizer use; multiple cropping index
摘要:
Given the background of the rural population ageing, the reduced agricultural non-point source pollution and the decreased agricultural carbon emission, ag- ricultural producer services, as an important bridge between small farmers and modern agriculture, are an important path to ensure food security and the green development of agriculture. Based on panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2003 to 2020, this paper uses Slack-based measure model with undesira- ble outputs (SBM-undesirable model)to calculate the agricultural ecological ef- ficiency of 31 provinces. Furthermore, the two-stage least squares, the panel threshold model and the spatial Durbin model are used to empirically analyze the influence mechanism and the spatial spillover effect of agricultural produc- tive services on agricultural ecological efficiency. The results show that agri- cultural producer services have a significant non-linear impact on agricultural ecological efficiency. Rural residents' income and per capita cultivated land ar- ea can adjust the relationship between them. The two main ways for agricultur- al productive services to improve agricultural ecological efficiency are as fol- lows: reducing undesirable outputs such as pesticides, chemical fertilizers and plastic sheeting for agricultural use and improving agricultural production effi- ciency. In addition, agricultural producer services have a significant positive spatial spillover effect on agricultural ecological efficiency, and the indirect impact elasticity of spatial spillover is higher than the direct impact elasticity. Therefore, to achieve food security and promote the sustainable development of agriculture, it is necessary to vigorously develop agricultural productive ser- vices through multiparty cooperation.