通讯机构：
[Qin, S.; Shi, M.] L;[Chen, L.] K;Lab of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, China;Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China
摘要：
Insulin resistance (IR) is fundamental to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and altered mitochondrial function and abnormal lipid distribution are closely associated with IR or T2D. Excess oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage leads to an imbalance in redox homeostasis, which is considered the major contributor to the progression of diabetes. A key cellular defense mechanism, namely, the nuclear factor-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, plays an essential protective role in combating excess oxidative stress. A series of phytochemicals are reported to improve IR and restore mitochondrial function against excess oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway to maintain cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. The present review focuses on key knowledge gaps in the Nrf2-ARE system targeted by phytochemicals and its correlation to diabetes both in the in vitro and in vivo models and recent achievements in human clinical trials to evaluate its efficiency and safety. In addition, we provide an overview of recent research progress in nutrigenomics, precision nutrition and the interactions occurring in gut microbiota associated with the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and diabetes chemoprevention by phytochemicals and finally propose a future research strategy for regulating redox and microbiota balance via the Nrf2-ARE pathway. The present review aims to help us comprehensively understand the critical chemopreventive role of the Nrf2-ARE pathway targeted by phytochemicals in diabetes.
摘要：
Iron-oxidizing strain (FeOB) and iron modified biochars have been shown arsenic (As) remediation ability in the environment. However, due to the complicated soil environment, few field experiment has been conducted. The study was conducted to investigate the potential of iron modified biochar (BC-FeOS) and biomineralization by a new found FeOB to remediate As-contaminated paddy field. Compared with the control, the As contents of G(B)(BC-FeOS), G(F) (FeOB), G FN (FeOB and nitrogen fertilizer), G(BF) (BC-FeOS and FeOB) and G(BFN) (BC-FeOS, FeOB and nitrogen fertilizer) treatments in pore water decreased by 36.53%-80.03% and the microbial richness of iron-oxidizing bacteria in these treatments increased in soils at the rice maturation stage. The concentrations of available As of G(B), G(F), G(FN), G(BF) and G(BFN) at the tillering stage were significantly decreased by 10.78%-55.48%. The concentrations of nonspecifically absorbed and specifically absorbed As fractions of G(B), G(F), G(FN), G(BF) and G(BFN) in soils were decreased and the amorphous and poorly crystalline hydrated Fe and Al oxidebound fraction was increased. Moreover, the As contents of G(B), G(F), G(FN), G(BF) and G(BFN) in rice grains were significantly decreased (*P < 0.05) and the total As contents of G(FN), G(BF) and G(BFN) were lower than the standard limit of the National Standard for Food Safety (GB 2762-2017). Compared with the other treatments, G(BFN) showed the greatest potential for the effective remediation of As-contaminated paddy fields. (C) 2021 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.
作者机构：
[苏小军; 范宽秀] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;Hunan Provincial Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Fermented Food, Changsha, 410128, China;[杨华] College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[朱晓慧; 王锋; 李清明; 江雪梅; 何瑞阳] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China, Hunan Provincial Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Fermented Food, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Wang, F.] C;College of Food Science and Technology, China
关键词：
玉竹多糖;工艺优化;低共熔溶剂;抗氧化;抗糖基化
摘要：
为提高玉竹多糖提取率，采用响应面分析法优化低共熔溶剂（deep eutectic solvents， DESs）提取玉竹多糖的工艺，通过对DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基的清除率和氧化自由基吸收能力（oxygen radical absorbance capacity， ORAC）法评价低共熔溶剂提取的玉竹多糖（Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide extracted by deep eutectic solvents ， DPoP）体外抗氧化活性，通过荧光分光光度法测定DPoP对体外非酶糖基化体系中晚期糖基化终产物（advanced glycation end products ， AGEs）形成的抑制能力。结果表明，DESs提取法是一种高效的提取玉竹多糖的方法，尿素-氯化胆碱为供试方案中提取率最高的DESs组合，其优化的工艺参数为尿素-氯化胆碱摩尔比3∶1，提取温度92 ℃，提取时间41 min，含水量19%，液料比29∶1。此条件下的多糖提取率达到（29.03±0.54）%，是热水浸提法的4.67倍。DPoP对DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基清除率随质量浓度增加而增加，在质量浓度为20 mg/mL时，清除率分别达到（17.97±0.47）%、（40.69±0.34）%，ORAC值达到（121.67±3.65） μmol/g；DPoP对糖基化终末产物AGEs相对抑制率达到87.63±0.66%。该研究为玉竹多糖的开发利用提供理论性指导，同时在植物活性成分提取方面也具有一定的意义。
摘要：
【目的】通过对陆地棉酰基辅酶A氧化酶(acyl coenzyme A oxidase,ACX)基因家族进行鉴定和表达分析,为后续研究ACX基因的功能奠定基础。【方法】采用生物信息学方法对陆地棉基因组中ACX基因家族成员进行鉴定,并系统分析其理化性质、基因结构、进化关系、基因复制、启动子区顺式作用元件和表达模式等。利用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术初步探究GhACX16基因的功能。【结果】陆地棉基因组中鉴定到20个ACX基因,分布在13条染色体上,聚类分析将其分为4个亚族。非同义突变率/同义突变率(K_a/K_s)分析结果表明陆地棉ACX家族基因经历了较强烈的纯化选择。ACX基因的启动子区含有热应激、干旱、植物激素响应等相关的顺式作用元件。非生物胁迫下的表达模式分析结果显示,陆地棉ACX基因明显响应高温、低温、盐和模拟干旱胁迫;分析高温胁迫下耐高温与高温敏感棉花材料不同发育时期的花药中ACX基因的表达模式,发现GhACX5和GhACX16基因的表达量变化明显。与阴性对照相比,高温胁迫下GhACX16基因沉默的棉苗表现出明显的耐高温特征,且叶片中脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶活性显著升高,而丙二醛含量显著降低。【结论】陆地棉ACX基因的鉴定及表达模式分析表明,ACX基因广泛参与非生物胁迫响应;经基因沉默试验和生理生化分析初步推测其中的GhACX16基因可能在高温胁迫响应中发挥重要的功能。
