通讯机构:
[Maoliang Ran; Bin Chen] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要:
Abstract: The regulatory role of non-CpG methylation in mammals has been important in whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. It has also been suggested that non-CpG methylation regulates gene expression to affect the development and health of mammals. However, the dynamic regulatory mechanisms of genome-wide, non-CpG methylation during testicular development still require intensive study. In this study, we analyzed the dataset from the whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and the RNA-seq of precocious porcine testicular tissues across two developmental stages (1 and 75 days old) in order to explore the regulatory roles of non-CpG methylation. Our results showed that genes regulated by non-CpG methylation affect the development of testes in multiple pathways. Furthermore, several hub genes that are regulated by non-CpG methylation during testicular development—such as VEGFA, PECAM1, and FZD7—were also identified. We also found that the relative expression of FZD7 was downregulated by the zebularine-induced demethylation of the first exon of FZD7. This regulatory relationship was consistent with the results of the WGBS and RNA-seq analysis. The immature porcine Sertoli cells were transfected with RNAi to mimic the expression patterns of FZD7 during testicular development. The results of the simulation test showed that cell proliferation was significantly impeded and that cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase was caused by the siRNA-induced FZD7 inhibition. We also found that the percentage of early apoptotic Sertoli cells was decreased by transfecting them with the RNAi for FZD7. This indicates that FZD7 is an important factor in linking the proliferation and apoptosis of Sertoli cells. We further demonstrated that Sertoli cells that were treated with the medium collected from apoptotic cells could stimulate proliferation. These findings will contribute to the exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of non-CpG methylation in testicular development and of the relationship between the proliferation and apoptosis of normal somatic cells. Keywords: FZD7; non-CpG methylation; Sertoli cells; testes; proliferation; apoptosis
作者机构:
[马翠; 祝倩] Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China;[谭碧娥] College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[叶婷; 孔祥峰] Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构:
[Kong, X.] K;Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, China
摘要:
The beef cattle industry in China has advanced remarkably since its reform and opening up; consequently, China has become the world's third-largest beef cattle producer. China is also one of the countries with the most substantial research input and output in the field of beef cattle feed and nutrition. The progress and innovation by China in the research field of beef cattle feed and nutrition have undoubtedly promoted the development of the domestic beef cattle industry. This review summarizes recent advances in feed resource development, nutrient requirements, and nutritional regulation of beef cattle in China. Limitations in current research and perspectives on future work are also discussed.
作者机构:
[刘晓牧; 赵红波; 张相伦; 盛清凯] Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China;[林凤鹏; 祁兴磊] Biyang Xianan Cattle Technology Development Co., Ltd., Zhumadian, 463700, China;[张少泽; 程建波] College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[万发春] Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构:
[Zhao, H.; Wan, F.] K;Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, China
通讯机构:
[Hong-Yuan Zeng] H;[Ai-Ping Wu] E;Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
摘要:
Abstract: Water level rise is considered an environmental filter for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants in lakes. Some emergent macrophytes can form floating mats, enabling them to escape from the negative effects of deep water. However, an understanding of which species can be uprooted and form floating mats easily and what factors affect these tendencies remains greatly elusive. We conducted an experiment to determine whether the monodominance of Zizania latifolia in the emergent vegetation community in Lake Erhai was related to its floating mat formation ability and to try to find the reasons for its floating mat formation ability during the continuous increase in water level over the past few decades. Our results showed that both the frequency and biomass proportion of Z. latifolia were greater among the plants on the floating mats. Furthermore, Z. latifolia was more likely to be uprooted than the other three previously dominant emergent species due to its smaller angle between the plant and the horizontal plane, rather than the root:shoot or volume:mass ratios. The dominance of Z. latifolia in the emergent community in Lake Erhai is due to its easier ability to become uprooted, allowing it to outperform other emergent species and become the single dominant emergent species under the environmental filter of deep water. The ability to uproot and form floating mats may be a competitive survival strategy for emergent species under the conditions of continuous significant water level rise. Keywords: aquatic plant; floating mat; emergent macrophyte; uprooting; angle; environmental filter; deep water; survival strategy
作者:
Liu, Fenfen;Li, Jing;Ni, Hengjia;Azad, Md. Abul Kalam;Mo, Kaibin;...
期刊:
Animals,2023年13(4) ISSN:2076-2615
通讯作者:
Ni, H.;Yin, Y.
作者机构:
[Liu, Fenfen; Ni, Hengjia; Li, Jing; Mo, Kaibin; Yin, Yulong; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Hunan Res Ctr Livestock & Poultry Sci, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg,Hunan Provincia, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Li, Jing] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Mo, Kaibin] South China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Yulong Yin; Hengjia Ni] K;Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
关键词:
gut health;non-starch polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes;phytase;pig;trace element
摘要:
Abstract: Simple Summary Phytase and NSPase have been widely used to improve growth performance in swine by improving nutrient utilization. However, the effects of phytase and NSPase (β-glucanase, xylanase, and β-mannanase) with corn–soybean meal-based diets on the trace element deposition of pigs still remains unknown. In this study, the effects of phytase, β-glucanase, xylanase, and β-mannanase on the trace element deposition and intestinal health of growing–finishing pigs were compared. In conclusion, phytase and xylanase supplementation increased the zinc deposition in pigs. Additionally, the supplementation of NSPases may improve the gut health of pigs by modulating the intestinal morphology and microbiota. Abstract This study investigated the effects of supplementing phytase and non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (NSPases) to corn–soybean meal-based diet on the growth performance, trace element deposition, and intestinal health of growing–finishing pigs. Fifty pigs were randomly assigned into the control (basal diet), phytase (basal diet + 100 g/t of phytase), β-mannanase (basal diet + 40 g/t of β-mannanase), β-glucanase (basal diet + 100 g/t of β-glucanase), and xylanase (basal diet + 100 g/t of xylanase) groups. The results show that the supplementation of phytase and NSPases had no impacts (p > 0.05) on the growth performance of pigs. Compared with the control group, pigs fed with xylanase had higher (p < 0.05) Zn concentrations in the ileum and muscle and those fed with phytase had higher (p < 0.05) Zn concentrations in the ileum. Phytase and xylanase supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) fecal Zn concentrations in pigs compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, phytase, β-mannanase, β-glucanase, and xylanase supplementation up-regulated (p < 0.05) the FPN1 expression, whereas xylanase up-regulated (p < 0.05) the Znt1 expression in the duodenum of pigs compared with the control group. Moreover, phytase, β-glucanase, and xylanase supplementation up-regulated (p < 0.05) the jejunal Znt1 expression compared with the control group. The intestinal morphology results show that the phytase, β-mannanase, and xylanase groups had increased villus heights (VHs), an increased villus height–crypt depth ratio (VH:CD), and decreased crypt depths (CDs) in the duodenum, whereas phytase, β-mannanase, β-glucanase, and xylanase groups had decreased VH and VH:CD, and increased CD in the jejunum compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Pigs fed with exogenous enzymes had decreased bacterial diversity in the cecum. The dietary supplementation of NSPases increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and decreased spirochaetes (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary NSPase treatment decreased (p < 0.05) the opportunistic pathogens, such as Treponema_2 and Eubacterium_ruminantium. Moreover, the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014 and Lachnospiraceae were enriched in the β-glucanase and β-mannanase groups (p < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, phytase and xylanase supplementation may promote zinc deposition in pigs. Additionally, the supplementation of NSPases may improve the gut health of pigs by modulating the intestinal morphology and microbiota. Keywords: phytase; non-starch polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes; trace element; gut health; pig
摘要:
Oligosaccharides are low molecular weight carbohydrates between monosaccharides and poly-saccharides, which consist of 2 to 20 monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds. They have the effects of promoting growth, regulating immunity, improving the structure of intestinal flora, and are anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. With the comprehensive implementation of the antibiotic prohibition policy in China, oligosaccharides as new green feed additive have been paid more attention. Oligosac-charides can be divided into the following 2 categories according to their digestive characteristics: one is easy to be absorbed by the intestine, called common oligosaccharides, such as sucrose and maltose oligosaccharide; the other is difficult to be absorbed by the intestine and has special physiological functions, called functional oligosaccharides. The common functional oligosaccharides include mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and so on. In this paper, we review the types and sources of functional oligo-saccharides, their application in pig nutrition, and the factors limiting their efficacy in recent years. This review provides the theoretical basis for further research of functional oligosaccharides, and the future application of alternative antibiotics in pig industry.(c) 2023 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
通讯机构:
[Shusong Wu] H;Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要:
Abstract: The energy and metabolic state of sows will alter considerably over different phases of gestation. Maternal metabolism increases dramatically, particularly in late pregnancy. This is accompanied by the development of an increase in oxidative stress, which has a considerable negative effect on the maternal and the placenta. As the only link between the maternal and the fetus, the placenta is critical for the maternal to deliver nutrients to the fetus and for the fetus’ survival and development. This review aimed to clarify the changes in energy and metabolism in sows during different pregnancy periods, as well as the impact of maternal oxidative stress on the placenta, which affects the fetus’ survival and development. Keywords: sow; oxidative stress; pregnancy; maternal metabolism; placenta; fetal development
通讯机构:
[Deliang Li] H;Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, China
摘要:
Trioecy systems are generally considered to be less stable and less widely distributed. Recently, a rare and mostly hermaphrodite (> 50%) trioecy system was detected in a single indigenous population of Corbicula fluminea. While hermaphrodite specimens are common in the invaded range, dioecy systems dominate C. fluminea populations in native regions, with trioecy populations being rare and transient in both ranges. To date, the stability of this trioecy system, as well as how environmental conditions effect sex allocation and reproductive activities remains unknown. To address this, the population sex ratio and brooding characteristics were analyzed through morphological and histological examination of C. fluminea specimens. Trioecy was sustained over the assessment period, with an approximate sex ratio of 1:1:6 (male:female:hermaphrodite). Greater water temperature significantly increased the population ratio in favor of males, while lower water temperatures were significantly associated shift toward females. Gametogenesis and brooding occurred throughout the year, but asynchronously. The incubation rate substantially increased between June and December, and had a significant and positive correlation with water temperature. Overall, these data suggest that a C. fluminea trioecy sexual system can be a stable phenomenon, and water temperature is both a driver of population sex ratio and reproductive activities.
摘要:
Abstract: A growing number of in vivo studies demonstrated that β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) can serve as a lipid-lowering nutrient. Despite this interesting observation, the use of adipocytes as a model for research is yet to be explored. To ascertain the effects of HMB on the lipid metabolism of adipocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the 3T3-L1 cell line was employed. Firstly, serial doses of HMB were added to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to evaluate the effects of HMB on cell proliferation. HMB (50 µM) significantly promoted the proliferation of preadipocytes. Next, we investigated whether HMB could attenuate fat accumulation in adipocytes. The results show that HMB treatment (50 µM) reduced the triglyceride (TG) content. Furthermore, HMB was found to inhibit lipid accumulation by suppressing the expression of lipogenic proteins (C/EBPα and PPARγ) and increasing the expression of lipolysis-related proteins (p-AMPK, p-Sirt1, HSL, and UCP3). We also determined the concentrations of several lipid metabolism-related enzymes and fatty acid composition in adipocytes. The HMB-treated cells showed reduced G6PD, LPL, and ATGL concentrations. Moreover, HMB improved the fatty acid composition in adipocytes, manifested by increases in the contents of n6 and n3 PUFAs. The enhancement of the mitochondrial respiratory function of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was confirmed via Seahorse metabolic assay, which showed that HMB treatment elevated basal mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, H+ leak, maximal respiration, and non-mitochondrial respiration. In addition, HMB enhanced fat browning of adipocytes, and this effect might be associated with the activation of the PRDM16/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway. Taken together, HMB-induced changes in the lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function may contribute to preventing fat deposition and improving insulin sensitivity. Keywords: β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate; lipid metabolism; mitochondrial biogenesis; fat browning; insulin resistance