摘要：
Given the background of the rural population ageing, the reduced agricultural non-point source pollution and the decreased agricultural carbon emission, ag- ricultural producer services, as an important bridge between small farmers and modern agriculture, are an important path to ensure food security and the green development of agriculture. Based on panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2003 to 2020, this paper uses Slack-based measure model with undesira- ble outputs (SBM-undesirable model)to calculate the agricultural ecological ef- ficiency of 31 provinces. Furthermore, the two-stage least squares, the panel threshold model and the spatial Durbin model are used to empirically analyze the influence mechanism and the spatial spillover effect of agricultural produc- tive services on agricultural ecological efficiency. The results show that agri- cultural producer services have a significant non-linear impact on agricultural ecological efficiency. Rural residents' income and per capita cultivated land ar- ea can adjust the relationship between them. The two main ways for agricultur- al productive services to improve agricultural ecological efficiency are as fol- lows: reducing undesirable outputs such as pesticides, chemical fertilizers and plastic sheeting for agricultural use and improving agricultural production effi- ciency. In addition, agricultural producer services have a significant positive spatial spillover effect on agricultural ecological efficiency, and the indirect impact elasticity of spatial spillover is higher than the direct impact elasticity. Therefore, to achieve food security and promote the sustainable development of agriculture, it is necessary to vigorously develop agricultural productive ser- vices through multiparty cooperation.
通讯机构：
[Liu, MZY; Liu, H ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Econ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
climate change;carbon emissions during grain production;green technology progress;farmland scale;fertilizer use;multiple cropping index
摘要：
Abnormal climatic changes and related disasters are increasing in prevalence, with many negative impacts on ecosystems and agricultural production. The area of land in China is vast, including diverse terrain and climate types, and a substantial area is used to grow food crops. Therefore, climate change is having a huge impact on China's grain production. Currently, the relationship between climate change and carbon emissions during grain production and the underlying mechanism have not been fully clarified. Therefore, this study used an ordinary least squares regression (OLS) model and the system generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) to examine the influence of climatic change and carbon emissions during grain production, and we constructed mediation effect models to explore the mechanism of influence between them by utilizing panel data in China from 2000 to 2020. In addition, we also examined the adjustment effect of green technology progress and farmland scale. The study found that China's carbon emissions during grain production increased from 2000 to 2015 and then presented a decreasing trend after 2015. We found that the annual average temperature has a prominent positive effect on carbon emissions during grain production, while the annual average rainfall has a negative effect. Among them, temperature changes mainly lead to the increase in carbon emissions during grain production through the increase in "fertilizer use" and "multiple cropping index", but the mechanism of rainfall changes' impact on carbon emissions during grain production is still unclear. In addition, green technology progress and farmland scale play adjustment roles in the impact of climate change on carbon emissions during grain production, and they could significantly suppress carbon emissions. On the basis of the conclusions in this paper, we propose that strengthening climate change adaptation is an important prerequisite for reducing carbon emissions during grain production. Furthermore, China should continue to reduce fertilizer use, facilitate the application of agriculture green technology, and expand the scale of farmland to achieve agricultural carbon emission reduction.
摘要：
In the recent world of catastrophe, scholars and policymakers have empirically examined the influence of various economic and financial instruments on environmental quality. Still, the literature is limited in terms of displaying the factors affecting public health, particularly in case of China. This study aims is to examine the nexus between green electricity, government efficiency, and health issues to draw novel policies. The current study investigates role of electricity production, eco-innovation and institutional factors for overall public health in China using the data from 2000Q1-2021Q4, which is a novel contribution to the existing literature. For empirical analysis, the study employs cointegration analysis, quantile regression and fully modified ordinary least square methods. The empirical result found the validity of the long-run equilibrium relationship. However, the asymmetric distri-bution of all variables allows this study to use a non-parametric "quantile regression" approach. The empirics depicts that economic growth and renewable electricity production positively influence public health-increase health-related issues. On the contrary, eco-innovation and government effectiveness substantially reduces public health issues. The empirical results are authenticated by the applying three parametric approaches - fully modified ordinary least square, canonical cointegration regression, and dynamic ordinary least square. To explore the causal connection between the variables, this study uses granger causality test - validates the presence of unidirectional and bidirectional causalities between variables. This study suggests enhancement in government effectiveness, expenditure, and eco-innovation to reduce critical health issues in the country.
