通讯机构:
[Boulos Chalhoub] I;[Wei Hua; Hanzhong Wang] T;Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR1165, Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes (OEPG), 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France<&wdkj&>The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062 China
摘要:
Allotetraploid oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an agriculturally important crop. Cultivation and breeding of B. napus by humans has resulted in numerous genetically diverse morphotypes with optimized agronomic traits and ecophysiological adaptation. To further understand the genetic basis of diversification and adaptation, we report a draft genome of an Asian semi-winter oilseed rape cultivar 'ZS11' and its comprehensive genomic comparison with the genomes of the winter-type cultivar 'Darmor-bzh' as well as two progenitors. The integrated BAC-to-BAC and whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategies were effective in the assembly of repetitive regions (especially young long terminal repeats) and resulted in a high-quality genome assembly of B. napus 'ZS11'. Within a short evolutionary period (similar to 6700years ago), semi-winter-type 'ZS11' and the winter-type 'Darmor-bzh' maintained highly genomic collinearity. Even so, certain genetic differences were also detected in two morphotypes. Relative to Darmor-bzh', both two subgenomes of 'ZS11' are closely related to its progenitors, and the 'ZS11' genome harbored several specific segmental homoeologous exchanges (HEs). Furthermore, the semi-winter-type 'ZS11' underwent potential genomic introgressions with B. rapa (A(r)). Some of these genetic differences were associated with key agronomic traits. A key gene of A03.FLC3 regulating vernalization-responsive flowering time in 'ZS11' was first experienced HE, and then underwent genomic introgression event with A(r), which potentially has led to genetic differences in controlling vernalization in the semi-winter types. Our observations improved our understanding of the genetic diversity of different B. napus morphotypes and the cultivation history of semi-winter oilseed rape in Asia. Significance Statement We generated a high-quality reference genome sequence of semi-winter Brassica napus. Our BAC-to-BAC strategy was effective in the assembly of repetitive regions. The main phenotypic difference between semi-winter and winter B. napus morphotypes is the vernalization requirement. Here, we found that a key gene controlling the vernalization-responsive flowering time was altered in the semi-winter type ZS11' through both homoeologous exchanges and genomic introgression with B. rapa.
作者机构:
[吴明亮; 罗海峰; 贺一鸣; 向伟; 颜波] College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[官春云] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[吴明亮; 罗海峰; 官春云; 贺一鸣; 向伟; 颜波] Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构:
College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
关键词:
Carbon structure;Carbon sink function;Crop production;Typical agriculture region
摘要:
Crop production not only creates economic values, but also has ecological functions. The carbon sink function of crops plays an important role in mitigating climate changes. This paper collected and analyzed the carbon cost data of staple crops in China, estimated the carbon sink and carbon source effects of farmlands, and quantitatively evaluated the carbon inputs and outputs of crop production systems. The results showed that the carbon footprints of crops in six typical agriculture regions were quite different, and the major crops production showed as carbon sinks in general. The carbon sequestration of different crops in the same region were significantly different, as well as the same crop in different regions. China's farmland ecosystem showed carbon sequestration effect: the total annual net carbon sink of three major crops, rice, wheat, and corn, was about 165.76 TgC, of which rice was the highest, accounting for 48.71%. This study also proposed the key ways for energy conservation and emission reduction of crop production in every region, and suggested the technology direction for improving carbon sink function. This study provided important basis for policy formulation and planning about the low-carbon agriculture development in China. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
作者机构:
[吴明亮; 罗海峰; 包攀峰; 贺一鸣; 向伟] College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[官春云] Oilseeds Crops Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China;[吴明亮; 罗海峰; 官春云; 包攀峰; 贺一鸣; 向伟] Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Changsha, 410128, China;[吴明亮; 罗海峰; 包攀峰; 贺一鸣; 向伟] Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构:
College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
作者机构:
[官春云; 刘芳; 刘睿洋] College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构:
[Guan, C.-Y.] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
摘要:
The gene fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2) exists in multiple copies in the Brassica napus genome and encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. In the present study, we characterized the regulatory region controlling the expression of an FAD2 gene located on chromosome C5 of Brassica napus and named it BnFAD2-C5. A long intron was found within the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the BnFAD2-C5 gene. This intron, compared with an intron-less control, conferred up to a sixfold increase in green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in transgenic Arabidopsis, thus suggesting that it makes function through intron-mediated enhancement. The sequence containing the promoter and intron was identified to promote high levels of gene expression in genital organs, particularly in seeds, using qRT-PCR and transgenic Arabidopsis. We identified the different promoter regions responsible for the tissuespecific gene expression through a deletion analysis of the BnFAD2-C5 promoter and a beta-glucuronidase and GFP reporter system. The results showed that the -1020 to -319 bp region primarily controls BnFAD2-C5 gene expression in the root, whereas the -1020 to -581 bp region controls expression in the stem, the -581 to -319 bp region controls expression in the leaf, and the -1257 to -1020 bp region probably controls expression in the floral parts. The -319 to -1 bp region is also important, conferring high-level transcription in the seeds. The transcription of BnFAD2-C5 could be induced by salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, and the relative response elements were identified in the -1257 to -1020 bp region and -319 to -1 bp region, respectively.
作者机构:
[刘芳; 刘睿洋; 张振乾; 官春云] College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center in Hunan, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构:
[Guan, C.-Y.] C;College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, National Oilseed Crops Improvement Center in Hunan, Changsha, China