The integrated cultivation mode of paddy field can reduce the input of nitrogen and phosphorus from the source and improve the nutrient utilization rate of paddy field system. Based on the total amount of astragalus sinensis returned to the field.a rice - duck hybrid cultivation model with multi - species participation was designed. By comparing with conventional rice cultivation .the treatment of raising duck with that of non - raising duck was compared. Starting from the input and output routes of nitrogen and phosphorus in rice - duck complex system,the migration and circulation characteris...