作者机构：
[Haodong Zhang; Ning Su; Zhi Peng; Xizhe Luo; Sihai Qin; Mengjiao Huang; Jun Xie] College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha 410128, China;National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China;[Gongwen Luo; Chang Tian; Xiangmin Rong; Guixian Xie] College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Guixian Xie] C;College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
N and P fertilizer;Rice-oilseed rape rotation;Soil properties;Runoff loss;Grain yield
摘要：
To address environmental pollution from agricultural non-point sources, it is feasible to reduce nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) inputs in farmland ecosystems. However, the combined effects of simultaneously reducing both N and P fertilizers remain unclear. Hence, we carried out a two-year field experiment (2020–2022) in the Dongting Lake region, China, to examine the impact of decreasing N and P fertilizer inputs on the soil properties, N and P runoff losses, and grain yields under rice-oilseed rape rotation in southern China. Compared to traditional management (rice, 210 kg N ha −1 and 105 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 ; oilseed rape, 180 kg N ha −1 and 90 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 ), the 10–30 % reduction in N and P inputs decreased total N runoff losses by 19.2–48.7 % (rice seasons; 3.12–7.92 kg ha −1 ) and 26.1–58.1 % (oilseed rape seasons; 1.17–2.61 kg ha −1 ), and total P losses by 35.5–59.7 % (rice seasons; 0.95–1.59 kg ha −1 ) and 30.3–58.5 % (oilseed rape seasons; 0.20–0.38 kg ha −1 ). Moreover, grain yields were maintained despite nutrient input reductions. The partial least square structural equation model showed that the soil total N, soil available N, and soil available P positively affected the grain yields, while the N and P runoff losses had a significant negative effect on the grain yields. In conclusion, the reduction of N and P fertilizer by 30 % achieved optimal outcomes, effectively reducing environmental risks while maintaining agricultural productivity.
To address environmental pollution from agricultural non-point sources, it is feasible to reduce nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) inputs in farmland ecosystems. However, the combined effects of simultaneously reducing both N and P fertilizers remain unclear. Hence, we carried out a two-year field experiment (2020–2022) in the Dongting Lake region, China, to examine the impact of decreasing N and P fertilizer inputs on the soil properties, N and P runoff losses, and grain yields under rice-oilseed rape rotation in southern China. Compared to traditional management (rice, 210 kg N ha −1 and 105 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 ; oilseed rape, 180 kg N ha −1 and 90 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 ), the 10–30 % reduction in N and P inputs decreased total N runoff losses by 19.2–48.7 % (rice seasons; 3.12–7.92 kg ha −1 ) and 26.1–58.1 % (oilseed rape seasons; 1.17–2.61 kg ha −1 ), and total P losses by 35.5–59.7 % (rice seasons; 0.95–1.59 kg ha −1 ) and 30.3–58.5 % (oilseed rape seasons; 0.20–0.38 kg ha −1 ). Moreover, grain yields were maintained despite nutrient input reductions. The partial least square structural equation model showed that the soil total N, soil available N, and soil available P positively affected the grain yields, while the N and P runoff losses had a significant negative effect on the grain yields. In conclusion, the reduction of N and P fertilizer by 30 % achieved optimal outcomes, effectively reducing environmental risks while maintaining agricultural productivity.
作者机构：
[Lingqiong Song; Zhihui Liu; Qiyuan Tang; Min Huang; Jiana Chen; Weiqing Wang; Huabin Zheng] College of Agronomy, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Yuanwei Chen] Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
通讯机构：
[Weiqing Wang; Huabin Zheng] C;College of Agronomy, Hunan agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
关键词：
Carbon pool management index;Grain yield;Labile organic carbon;Ratoon rice
摘要：
Integrated crop and soil management measures have proven effective in enhancing crop yields and resource use efficiency, although the impacts on soil carbon pools and related microbial diversity remain unclear. In this study, we compared rice yield and soil properties between a local ratoon rice farming practice model without organic fertilizer application (FP) with an improved farming practice model (IFP) based on integrated management practices, including a > 20 % increase in planting density, 30 % increase in panicle fertilization, and application of 1.8 t/ha of organic fertilizer, in Hunan Province, China. The 5-year average annual rice grain yield was 32.0 % higher in the IFP (13.3 t/ha) than in the FP. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content was nonsignificantly higher by 9.2 % in the IFP (22.4 g/kg) than in the FP; furthermore, the labile organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon contents were 10.7 g/kg and 45.5 mg/kg, respectively, in the IFP, significantly higher than those of the FP and N-free control. The carbon pool management index in the IFP was 191.4 in 2022 and 132.9 in 2023, and was significantly higher by 95.0 % ( P < 0.05) than in the FP; the carbon pool activity and carbon pool activity index were similarly improved in the IFP. The average microbial biomass carbon in the IFP was 179.3 mg/kg, but did not differ significantly among the IFP, FP, and control. The bacterial and fungal Chao1 indexes were 5.6 % and 13.3 % higher, respectively, in the IFP (Chao1 for bacteria: 5252.5; fungi: 2291.5) than in the FP. The bacterial and fungal abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) indexes were 7.2 % and 13.3 % higher, respectively, in the IFP (ACE for bacteria: 5871.5; fungi: 2530.4) than in the FP; however, there was no significant difference between the IFP and FP ( P > 0.05). These results support the efficacy of integrated agronomic measures in greatly increasing rice grain yield while supporting soil fertility through enhancing carbon pools and related microbial diversity. As modern ratoon rice production becomes increasingly mechanized, such measures will become easy to adopt.
Integrated crop and soil management measures have proven effective in enhancing crop yields and resource use efficiency, although the impacts on soil carbon pools and related microbial diversity remain unclear. In this study, we compared rice yield and soil properties between a local ratoon rice farming practice model without organic fertilizer application (FP) with an improved farming practice model (IFP) based on integrated management practices, including a > 20 % increase in planting density, 30 % increase in panicle fertilization, and application of 1.8 t/ha of organic fertilizer, in Hunan Province, China. The 5-year average annual rice grain yield was 32.0 % higher in the IFP (13.3 t/ha) than in the FP. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content was nonsignificantly higher by 9.2 % in the IFP (22.4 g/kg) than in the FP; furthermore, the labile organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon contents were 10.7 g/kg and 45.5 mg/kg, respectively, in the IFP, significantly higher than those of the FP and N-free control. The carbon pool management index in the IFP was 191.4 in 2022 and 132.9 in 2023, and was significantly higher by 95.0 % ( P < 0.05) than in the FP; the carbon pool activity and carbon pool activity index were similarly improved in the IFP. The average microbial biomass carbon in the IFP was 179.3 mg/kg, but did not differ significantly among the IFP, FP, and control. The bacterial and fungal Chao1 indexes were 5.6 % and 13.3 % higher, respectively, in the IFP (Chao1 for bacteria: 5252.5; fungi: 2291.5) than in the FP. The bacterial and fungal abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) indexes were 7.2 % and 13.3 % higher, respectively, in the IFP (ACE for bacteria: 5871.5; fungi: 2530.4) than in the FP; however, there was no significant difference between the IFP and FP ( P > 0.05). These results support the efficacy of integrated agronomic measures in greatly increasing rice grain yield while supporting soil fertility through enhancing carbon pools and related microbial diversity. As modern ratoon rice production becomes increasingly mechanized, such measures will become easy to adopt.
摘要：
Rhizoctonia solani is a widespread and destructive plant pathogenic fungus that infects numerous important crops, including tobacco, where it causes tobacco target spot, a disease that severely impacts production. In this study, a strain ZZ-48, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of forests, exhibited strong antifungal activity with a 79.39 % inhibition rate against R. solani and various other fungal pathogens. Strain ZZ-48 was identified as Kitasatospora purpureofusca based on its phenotypic, physiological and biochemical, and genetic characteristics. This strain significantly reduced the development of tobacco target spot both in vitro and in vivo . ZZ-48 treatment significantly disrupted the mycelia structure of R. solani . Furthermore, the culture filtrate disrupted plasma membrane integrity and promoted reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the mycelia of R. solani . Additionally, ZZ-48 secreted multiple extracellular enzymes and siderophores. Bioactive metabolites were inferred to be present in the crude lipopeptide extracts, which exhibited a median effect concentration (EC 50 ) value of 1.60 ± 0.18 μg/mL. Furthermore, several key biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) associated with the synthesis of bioactive metabolites were found in the genome of ZZ-48 using antiSMASH. Overall, strain ZZ-48 holds significant potential as a biocontrol agent for managing tobacco target spot.
Rhizoctonia solani is a widespread and destructive plant pathogenic fungus that infects numerous important crops, including tobacco, where it causes tobacco target spot, a disease that severely impacts production. In this study, a strain ZZ-48, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of forests, exhibited strong antifungal activity with a 79.39 % inhibition rate against R. solani and various other fungal pathogens. Strain ZZ-48 was identified as Kitasatospora purpureofusca based on its phenotypic, physiological and biochemical, and genetic characteristics. This strain significantly reduced the development of tobacco target spot both in vitro and in vivo . ZZ-48 treatment significantly disrupted the mycelia structure of R. solani . Furthermore, the culture filtrate disrupted plasma membrane integrity and promoted reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the mycelia of R. solani . Additionally, ZZ-48 secreted multiple extracellular enzymes and siderophores. Bioactive metabolites were inferred to be present in the crude lipopeptide extracts, which exhibited a median effect concentration (EC 50 ) value of 1.60 ± 0.18 μg/mL. Furthermore, several key biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) associated with the synthesis of bioactive metabolites were found in the genome of ZZ-48 using antiSMASH. Overall, strain ZZ-48 holds significant potential as a biocontrol agent for managing tobacco target spot.
摘要：
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of agricultural carbon emissions on China's agricultural economic development, which is of great significance to the modernization of China's agricultural sector. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2019 to 2022, this paper selected 10 carbon emission-related indicators and comprehensively adopted a pooled regression model, a fixed effect model, and a random effect model to evaluate the impact. It also passes the Hausman test and Tobit model stability test. The results show that limiting agricultural carbon emissions in China has a significant impact on agricultural economic development; the total power of agricultural machinery (TPAM), rural electricity consumption (REC), amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer applied (AACF), and amount of plastic film used in agriculture (APF) have a significant positive impact on the output of agricultural economy (OAE), while cultivated land (CA) has no significant impact. Chinese agriculture is currently on the left side of the inverted "U" shape of the environmental Kuznets curve. Therefore, there is a need for more research and development of agricultural biotechnology and agricultural policy support to strengthen farmers' knowledge of how to reduce carbon emissions using the above indicators, which can promote agricultural economic growth and achieve high-quality agricultural development in China.
摘要：
Photocatalytic cooperation with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is considered to be an advanced oxidation process for purifying wastewater. This research synthesized g-C 3 N 4 /CeO 2 (GC) heterojunction catalysts and achieved efficient PMS activation under visible light. This catalyst has a reasonable band structure and efficient charge transfer ability. The experimental results indicated that within 60 min, the degradation efficiency of nitenpyram (NTP) by the GC/PMS/Vis system could reach 85.5 % (pH = 6.68), and the reaction rate constant was 1.74 times and 1.96 times that of the g-C 3 N 4 /PMS/Vis and CeO 2 /PMS/Vis systems, respectively. Additionally, this research systematically demonstrated that the GC belongs to type-II heterojunction, and employed electron spin resonance (ESR) and quenching experiments to ascertain that the system is dominated by singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hole (h + ), and superoxide (•O ¯ 2 ). In the natural organic matter experiments and cyclic experiments, the system demonstrated excellent stability and anti-interference ability, with the degradation efficiency remaining above 80 %. These results furnish a novel perspective for the rational configuration of transition metal oxide/PMS/Vis systems and concurrently disclose new revelations regarding the degradation of neonicotinoid pesticides.
Photocatalytic cooperation with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is considered to be an advanced oxidation process for purifying wastewater. This research synthesized g-C 3 N 4 /CeO 2 (GC) heterojunction catalysts and achieved efficient PMS activation under visible light. This catalyst has a reasonable band structure and efficient charge transfer ability. The experimental results indicated that within 60 min, the degradation efficiency of nitenpyram (NTP) by the GC/PMS/Vis system could reach 85.5 % (pH = 6.68), and the reaction rate constant was 1.74 times and 1.96 times that of the g-C 3 N 4 /PMS/Vis and CeO 2 /PMS/Vis systems, respectively. Additionally, this research systematically demonstrated that the GC belongs to type-II heterojunction, and employed electron spin resonance (ESR) and quenching experiments to ascertain that the system is dominated by singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hole (h + ), and superoxide (•O ¯ 2 ). In the natural organic matter experiments and cyclic experiments, the system demonstrated excellent stability and anti-interference ability, with the degradation efficiency remaining above 80 %. These results furnish a novel perspective for the rational configuration of transition metal oxide/PMS/Vis systems and concurrently disclose new revelations regarding the degradation of neonicotinoid pesticides.
摘要：
A visible light‐driven photo oxidation‐reduction selenium amidation of selenides with isocyanides and carboxylic compounds for the synthesis of polysubstituted selenium‐containing imides is reported. The reaction involves the functionalization of Se−Se bonds under mild conditions by visible light photoredox catalysis with good tolerance of various functionalized group. A possible mechanism has been proposed.
A visible light‐driven photo oxidation‐reduction selenium amidation of selenides with isocyanides and carboxylic compounds for the synthesis of polysubstituted selenium‐containing imides is reported. The reaction involves the functionalization of Se−Se bonds under mild conditions by visible light photoredox catalysis with good tolerance of various functionalized group. A possible mechanism has been proposed.
期刊：
Food Research International,2025年208:116272 ISSN：0963-9969
通讯作者：
Yi Wang<&wdkj&>Ran Wang<&wdkj&>Jie Luo
作者机构：
["Li, Zhixi; Fan, Xiankang; Cao, Yu] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410114, China;[Zhou, Hui] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410114, China. Electronic address: zhouhui@hunau.edu.cn;[Wang, Pengjie] Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: wpj1019@cau.edu.cn;[Zhang, Hao] Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: zhanghaocau@cau.edu.cn;[Wang, Yi] Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: wangyi922217@126.com
通讯机构：
[Yi Wang; Ran Wang] D;[Jie Luo] C;Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410114, China
关键词：
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion;Interfacial layers;Liposome;Milk membrane protein;Milk polar lipid;Proteoliposome
摘要：
The interfacial properties of lipid droplets are crucial for infant digestion, yet few studies have explored the impact of the layers of lipid droplets on infant digestion. In this study, four emulsions were prepared: one with milk polar lipids (MPL) serving as the monolayer interface of the lipid droplet (ME-PL), one with MPL and membrane-specific protein (MSP) as the co-monolayer interface of the lipid droplet (ME-Co), one with liposome featuring MPL as the bilayer interface of the lipid droplet (BE-PL), and one with proteoliposome containing MPL and MSP as the co-bilayer interface of the lipid droplet (BE-Co). Cryo-TEM was used to determine the number of lipid droplet interface layers, while confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the interfacial distribution. Compared to monolayer emulsions, bilayer emulsions exhibited greater stability. Furthermore, in vitro digestion experiments revealed that BE-Co released free fatty acids the fastest and in the largest amount. During gastric digestion, emulsions with co-components interfaces released fewer saturated fatty acids (SFA) compared to those containing only MPL in the interface, whereas bilayer emulsions released more SFA and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than monolayer emulsions. During intestinal digestion, bilayer and co-interfacial emulsions released more SFA and less unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), with BE-Co releasing the highest percentage of SFA (87.11 ± 0.10 %) and the lowest percentages of USFA, specifically 2.95 ± 0.00 % PUFA. This study introduces a novel preparation method that uses a bilayer interface to simulate the human milk globule interface and explores the effect of different interface layers on lipid droplet characteristics, providing valuable insights for the development of infant food.
The interfacial properties of lipid droplets are crucial for infant digestion, yet few studies have explored the impact of the layers of lipid droplets on infant digestion. In this study, four emulsions were prepared: one with milk polar lipids (MPL) serving as the monolayer interface of the lipid droplet (ME-PL), one with MPL and membrane-specific protein (MSP) as the co-monolayer interface of the lipid droplet (ME-Co), one with liposome featuring MPL as the bilayer interface of the lipid droplet (BE-PL), and one with proteoliposome containing MPL and MSP as the co-bilayer interface of the lipid droplet (BE-Co). Cryo-TEM was used to determine the number of lipid droplet interface layers, while confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the interfacial distribution. Compared to monolayer emulsions, bilayer emulsions exhibited greater stability. Furthermore, in vitro digestion experiments revealed that BE-Co released free fatty acids the fastest and in the largest amount. During gastric digestion, emulsions with co-components interfaces released fewer saturated fatty acids (SFA) compared to those containing only MPL in the interface, whereas bilayer emulsions released more SFA and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than monolayer emulsions. During intestinal digestion, bilayer and co-interfacial emulsions released more SFA and less unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), with BE-Co releasing the highest percentage of SFA (87.11 ± 0.10 %) and the lowest percentages of USFA, specifically 2.95 ± 0.00 % PUFA. This study introduces a novel preparation method that uses a bilayer interface to simulate the human milk globule interface and explores the effect of different interface layers on lipid droplet characteristics, providing valuable insights for the development of infant food.
作者机构：
[Hao Zuo; Jian Zhao] Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Xiongyuan Si] Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China;[Zhili Ye; Ziqing Zheng; Jinsong Wang; Qinyu Zhong; Xiaoyu Mu; Zhoufang Yuan; Yin Huang; Zainab Ghazala; Yaling Li; Xiaoyu Liang; Yujia Qi; Yanrui Zhang; Enhua Xia; Penghui Li] State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
通讯机构：
[Jian Zhao] K;[Penghui Li] S;Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
摘要：
Caffeine is a defensive alkaloid primarily accumulated in tea leaves to defend against pathogens. But the regulatory mechanism for caffeine biosynthesis in response to fungal infection and the trade-off between specialised metabolite and plant growth remain elusive. Here, we report that jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated CsMYB184 is the key for caffeine biosynthesis in tea leaves. Exogenous MeJA promoted caffeine biosynthesis in tea leaves and enhanced the resistance against fungal pathogens. JASMONATE ZIM-domain proteins (JAZs) interacted with CsMYB184 to repress CsMYB184 transactivation of TCS1. Meanwhile, JA effector CsMYC2 directly bound to and activated CsMYB184 transcription, but inhibited plant growth by directly modulating GA inactivation through gibberellin 2-oxidase 4 (CsGA2ox4). By contrast, gibberellins (GA) stimulated tea plant growth and inhibited caffeine biosynthesis, rendering tea plants more susceptible to fungal pathogens, via competitive DELLA proteins interacting with JAZs to relieve JAZ inhibition of CsMYB184. CsDELLA-JAZ-MYC2-MYB184-TCS1 formed an activation-repression loop to regulate developmental and hormonal control of caffeine biosynthesis in response to fungal pathogens, which balance the tea plant growth and defence response trade-offs. The study reveals JA-GA antagonistic regulation of caffeine biosynthesis as one of the innate immunity defences, meanwhile balancing the growth and defence of tea plants via crosstalk between JA and GA signalling.
摘要：
Machine learning (ML) methods have rapidly developed in various theoretical and practical research areas, including predicting genomic breeding values for large livestock animals. However, few studies have investigated the application of ML in broiler breeding. In this study, seven different ML methods—support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), kernel ridge regression (KRR) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) were employed to predict the genomic breeding values of laying traits, growth and carcass traits in a yellow-feathered broiler breeding population. The results indicated that classic methods, such as GBLUP and Bayesian, achieved superior prediction accuracy compared to ML methods in five of the eight traits. For half-eviscerated weight (HEW), ML methods showed an average improvement of 54.4% over GBLUP and Bayesian methods. Among the ML methods, SVR, RF, GBDT, and XGBoost exhibited improvements exceeding 60%, with respective values of 61.3%, 61.0%, 60.4%, and 60.7%; while MLP improved by 54.4% and LightGBM by 53.7%, KRR had the lowest improvement at 29.4%. For eviscerated weight (EW), ML methods still outperformed GBLUP and Bayesian methods. MLP gained the largest improvement at 19.0%, while SVR, RF, GBDT, XGBoost, LightGBM, and KRR improved by 15.0%, 16.5%, 9.5%, 7.0%, 1.6%, and 15.9%, respectively. Compared to default hyperparameters, the average improvement of ML methods with tuned hyperparameters was 34.0%, 32.9%, 27.0%, 19.3%, 26.8%, 13.2%, 18.9%, and 46.3%, respectively. The prediction accuracy of above algorithms could be optimized using genome-wide association study (GWAS) to select subsets of significant SNPs. This work provides valuable insights into genomic prediction, aiding genetic breeding in broilers.
Machine learning (ML) methods have rapidly developed in various theoretical and practical research areas, including predicting genomic breeding values for large livestock animals. However, few studies have investigated the application of ML in broiler breeding. In this study, seven different ML methods—support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), kernel ridge regression (KRR) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) were employed to predict the genomic breeding values of laying traits, growth and carcass traits in a yellow-feathered broiler breeding population. The results indicated that classic methods, such as GBLUP and Bayesian, achieved superior prediction accuracy compared to ML methods in five of the eight traits. For half-eviscerated weight (HEW), ML methods showed an average improvement of 54.4% over GBLUP and Bayesian methods. Among the ML methods, SVR, RF, GBDT, and XGBoost exhibited improvements exceeding 60%, with respective values of 61.3%, 61.0%, 60.4%, and 60.7%; while MLP improved by 54.4% and LightGBM by 53.7%, KRR had the lowest improvement at 29.4%. For eviscerated weight (EW), ML methods still outperformed GBLUP and Bayesian methods. MLP gained the largest improvement at 19.0%, while SVR, RF, GBDT, XGBoost, LightGBM, and KRR improved by 15.0%, 16.5%, 9.5%, 7.0%, 1.6%, and 15.9%, respectively. Compared to default hyperparameters, the average improvement of ML methods with tuned hyperparameters was 34.0%, 32.9%, 27.0%, 19.3%, 26.8%, 13.2%, 18.9%, and 46.3%, respectively. The prediction accuracy of above algorithms could be optimized using genome-wide association study (GWAS) to select subsets of significant SNPs. This work provides valuable insights into genomic prediction, aiding genetic breeding in broilers.
摘要：
The influence of the airflow field around the conditioning roll of a mower conditioner on the forage harvesting process cannot be ignored. Full factorial simulation tests of the airflow field of a single conditioning roll and double conditioning roll were carried out, respectively, by taking the roll type, roll rotational velocity, and roll clearance as factors. The results show that the average airflow velocity around the conditioning rolls has a linear positive correlation with the roll velocity and an exponential negative correlation with the distance from the centre of the conditioning rolls in the single roll case. In the case of double rolls, the airflow around the conditioning rolls increase with the velocity of the rolls and decrease with the increase of the clearance between the rolls. The results of the field verification test show that, compared with the measured values for the prototype, the average error of the average velocity of the airflow around the single roll, predicted by the regression model, is 6.35%. The average error of the predicted velocity of the back-feeding airflow of the double roll is 5.86%. The results are reliable and could provide a reference for the optimised design of the conditioning roll.
通讯机构：
[Liu, ZH; Xiao, LZ; Quan, W ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Natl Res Ctr Engn & Technol Utilizat Bot Funct Ing, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Eurotium cristatum;Gut microbiota;Host metabolism;Inflammatory bowel disease;Jinhua white tea;White tea
摘要：
White tea (WT) has been reported to confer various health benefits, but its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully investigated. Jinhua white tea (JWT), produced using the unique “flowering” technology by Eurotium cristatum , enhancing the flavor and quality of WT. Whether this new technology provides better bioactive benefits also worth further exploring. The present study investigated the protective effects of WT and JWT against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced IBD. The results showed WT and JWT mitigated oxidative stress and colonic inflammation via NF- κ B and MAPK signaling pathways, upregulating intestinal tight junction protein expression and immune cell counts. These effects were evidenced by improvements in pathological phenotypes, disease activity index, and colon length in IBD mice, with JWT showing superior results. Both WT and JWT restored microbial diversity and improved gut microbiota composition in IBD mice. JWT showed a more pronounced effect on correcting microbial imbalances and abnormal host metabolism by stimulating metabolic pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Therefore, WT, particularly JWT, shows potential for adjuvant treatment of colitis, which might be attributed to the enrichments in oxidation products of catechins such as theabrownins and some secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids and gallic acid obtained through the “flowering” technology. Further identifying and isolating key compounds and clinical trials are required to assess the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of JWT on IBD in humans.
White tea (WT) has been reported to confer various health benefits, but its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully investigated. Jinhua white tea (JWT), produced using the unique “flowering” technology by Eurotium cristatum , enhancing the flavor and quality of WT. Whether this new technology provides better bioactive benefits also worth further exploring. The present study investigated the protective effects of WT and JWT against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced IBD. The results showed WT and JWT mitigated oxidative stress and colonic inflammation via NF- κ B and MAPK signaling pathways, upregulating intestinal tight junction protein expression and immune cell counts. These effects were evidenced by improvements in pathological phenotypes, disease activity index, and colon length in IBD mice, with JWT showing superior results. Both WT and JWT restored microbial diversity and improved gut microbiota composition in IBD mice. JWT showed a more pronounced effect on correcting microbial imbalances and abnormal host metabolism by stimulating metabolic pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Therefore, WT, particularly JWT, shows potential for adjuvant treatment of colitis, which might be attributed to the enrichments in oxidation products of catechins such as theabrownins and some secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids and gallic acid obtained through the “flowering” technology. Further identifying and isolating key compounds and clinical trials are required to assess the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of JWT on IBD in humans.
摘要：
Submerged macrophytes play a crucial role in lake ecosystems, and their survival is dependent upon their ability to cope with variable environmental stress. Therefore, studying the plastic response of submerged macrophytes' resource allocation and functional traits to the environment may provide insights helpful for ecological restoration practices. In September 2021, a field survey was conducted in the Erhai Lake, where samples of Ottelia acuminata, and functional traits and biomass allocation in relation to water depth were measured. The study found that O. acuminata exhibited large intraspecific variations to adapt to environmental stress, and the average intraspecific variation was 55.86%. In the current environment, this study suggested that the optimal growth depth for O. acuminata is moderate water depth (1-2m). The results of allometric growth analysis showed that the resource allocation of O. acuminata responded to the water depth with the synergistic effect of leaf area and shoot height. In shallow water, the resource allocation of O. acuminata was mainly used for leaf area growth, while in deep water, the increase of shoot height was mainly used to cope with stress. This research will provide us useful information for the ecological restoration and protection of this endemic and endangered submerged macrophyte.
作者机构：
[Liu, Guanping; Shi, Hairong; Hu, Yi; Yue, Yuhua; Shi, Shanshan; Zhang, Meilin; Shi, Yong; Zhong, Lei] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Hunan Engn Technol Res Ctr Featured Aquat Resource, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Shi, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Breeding Biotechnol & Sustainable Aq, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhong, L ; Shi, Y] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Hunan Engn Technol Res Ctr Featured Aquat Resource, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Grass carp;Sanguinarine;Bile acid metabolism;Growth performance;Liver and intestinal health
摘要：
This study was undertaken to reduce reliance on imported soybeans, enhance aquaculture industry resilience, and seek functional soybean meal substitutes. Seven hundred fifty juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) (initial weight: 24.00 ± 0.00 g) were assigned to five diets—soybean meal (SM), cottonseed meal (CM), cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC), and CM with 375 or 825 μg/kg (CMS1 or CMS2) sanguinarine—and, after eight weeks, evaluated for growth, liver and intestinal health, and bile acid metabolism. The results demonstrated that the CMS1 or CMS2 group significantly increased WGR and SGR, reduced FCR, enhanced serum and bile biochemical indices compared with CM group. Besides, histopathological examination of the CM group revealed hepatocellular damage, increased lipid droplet accumulation, elevated glycogen deposition, and more severe fibrosis, along with degeneration of gallbladder columnar epithelium; these lesions were markedly attenuated in the CMS1 and CMS2 groups. In the CM group, intestinal villi and microvilli were disrupted, goblet cell counts declined, and macrophage infiltration alongside widened tight junctions was evident; CMS1 and CMS2 groups markedly restored mucosal architecture to levels comparable with the SM and CPC groups. Finally, the CM group exhibited significant upregulation of lipogenic genes ( PPAR-γ , SREBP1 , FAS , ACC1 , SCD and DGAT ), alongside moderate increases in lipolytic genes ( ATGL , HSL , LXR , PPAR-α , CPT , and APOE ) relative to SM, CMS1, and CMS2 groups. Dietary sanguinarine supplementation markedly enhanced bile acid metabolism, as demonstrated by the upregulation of ABCC2 , ABCB11b , CYP7A1 , CYP7b1 , FGF19 , TGR5 , SLC10A2 and CCK , together with the concomitant downregulation of SHP . Our findings demonstrate that supplementation of sanguinarine in cottonseed meal diets ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation, bile acid dysregulation, and tissue damage by suppressing the LXR–PPAR–SREBP1 lipogenic pathway and activating the FXR–SHP/FGF19–CYP7A1 regulatory axis, ultimately enhancing liver and intestinal health and promoting growth performance in grass carp.
This study was undertaken to reduce reliance on imported soybeans, enhance aquaculture industry resilience, and seek functional soybean meal substitutes. Seven hundred fifty juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) (initial weight: 24.00 ± 0.00 g) were assigned to five diets—soybean meal (SM), cottonseed meal (CM), cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC), and CM with 375 or 825 μg/kg (CMS1 or CMS2) sanguinarine—and, after eight weeks, evaluated for growth, liver and intestinal health, and bile acid metabolism. The results demonstrated that the CMS1 or CMS2 group significantly increased WGR and SGR, reduced FCR, enhanced serum and bile biochemical indices compared with CM group. Besides, histopathological examination of the CM group revealed hepatocellular damage, increased lipid droplet accumulation, elevated glycogen deposition, and more severe fibrosis, along with degeneration of gallbladder columnar epithelium; these lesions were markedly attenuated in the CMS1 and CMS2 groups. In the CM group, intestinal villi and microvilli were disrupted, goblet cell counts declined, and macrophage infiltration alongside widened tight junctions was evident; CMS1 and CMS2 groups markedly restored mucosal architecture to levels comparable with the SM and CPC groups. Finally, the CM group exhibited significant upregulation of lipogenic genes ( PPAR-γ , SREBP1 , FAS , ACC1 , SCD and DGAT ), alongside moderate increases in lipolytic genes ( ATGL , HSL , LXR , PPAR-α , CPT , and APOE ) relative to SM, CMS1, and CMS2 groups. Dietary sanguinarine supplementation markedly enhanced bile acid metabolism, as demonstrated by the upregulation of ABCC2 , ABCB11b , CYP7A1 , CYP7b1 , FGF19 , TGR5 , SLC10A2 and CCK , together with the concomitant downregulation of SHP . Our findings demonstrate that supplementation of sanguinarine in cottonseed meal diets ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation, bile acid dysregulation, and tissue damage by suppressing the LXR–PPAR–SREBP1 lipogenic pathway and activating the FXR–SHP/FGF19–CYP7A1 regulatory axis, ultimately enhancing liver and intestinal health and promoting growth performance in grass carp.
摘要：
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), recognized as a globally preeminent vegetable, holds substantial economic and nutritional value. The BTB (broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac) family of proteins, characterized by a highly conserved BTB domain, also denoted as the POZ domain, are intricately involved in a diverse array of biological processes. However, the existing corpus of research regarding pepper BTB genes remains relatively meager. In this study, a total of 72 CaBTB gene members were meticulously identified from the entire genome of pepper. Phylogenetic analysis illuminated the presence of conspicuous collinear relationships between the CaBTB genes and those of its closely affiliated species. Gene expression profiling and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that multiple CaBTB genes exhibited pronounced differential expression under diverse treatment regimens. Expression pattern analysis unveiled that CaBTB25 manifested a remarkably elevated abundance in leaves. Moreover, its promoters were replete with an abundance of light-responsive cis-elements. Our comprehensive and in-depth explorations into subcellular localization revealed that CaBTB25 was predominantly detected to localize within the nucleus and lacked transcriptional activation. This research provides a crucial theoretical edifice, enabling a more profound understanding of the biological functions of the BTB gene family in pepper, thereby underscoring its potential significance within the intricate network of gene-environment interactions.
摘要：
Cassava leaves, often discarded as agricultural byproduct, are a nutrient-dense yet underutilized protein source, containing 38 % proteins by dried weight. This study investigates the potential of cassava leaf proteins as a sustainable alternative to conventional protein sources through enzymatic hydrolysis. Bioactive peptides extracted during hydrolysis significantly improve the protein's nutritional profile and exhibited diverse biological activities. Analysis revealed a notable increase in essential amino acids, comprising ~40 % of total amino acids. Using LC-MS/MS, 36 distinct peptide sequences were identified. Bioinformatics and network pharmacology analyses revealed that cassava leaf peptides possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. Notably, the peptide sequences HPDGF and SEGGF exhibited strong binding affinity to key targets (AKT1, CASP3, CCND1, and IL1B), suggesting therapeutic potential for oxidative stress-related pathologies. These findings underscore the potential of cassava leaf proteins as a natural, sustainable source of bioactive peptides for health applications, notably as antioxidants.
Cassava leaves, often discarded as agricultural byproduct, are a nutrient-dense yet underutilized protein source, containing 38 % proteins by dried weight. This study investigates the potential of cassava leaf proteins as a sustainable alternative to conventional protein sources through enzymatic hydrolysis. Bioactive peptides extracted during hydrolysis significantly improve the protein's nutritional profile and exhibited diverse biological activities. Analysis revealed a notable increase in essential amino acids, comprising ~40 % of total amino acids. Using LC-MS/MS, 36 distinct peptide sequences were identified. Bioinformatics and network pharmacology analyses revealed that cassava leaf peptides possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. Notably, the peptide sequences HPDGF and SEGGF exhibited strong binding affinity to key targets (AKT1, CASP3, CCND1, and IL1B), suggesting therapeutic potential for oxidative stress-related pathologies. These findings underscore the potential of cassava leaf proteins as a natural, sustainable source of bioactive peptides for health applications, notably as antioxidants.
摘要：
Standalone wind–solar–diesel–storage microgrids serve as a crucial solution for achieving energy self-sufficiency in remote and off-grid areas, such as rural regions and islands, where conventional power grids are unavailable. Addressing scheduling optimization challenges arising from the intermittent nature of renewable energy generation and the uncertainty of load demand, this paper proposes an adaptive optimization scheduling method (DQN-PSO) that integrates Deep Q-Network (DQN) with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The proposed approach leverages DQN to assess the operational state of the microgrid and dynamically adjust the key parameters of PSO. Additionally, a multi-strategy switching mechanism, incorporating global search, local adjustment, and reliability enhancement, is introduced to jointly optimize both clean energy utilization and power supply reliability. Simulation results demonstrate that, under typical daily, high-volatility, and low-load scenarios, the proposed method improves clean energy utilization by 3.2%, 4.5%, and 10.9%, respectively, compared to conventional PSO algorithms while reducing power supply reliability risks to 0.70%, 1.04%, and 0.30%, respectively. These findings validate the strong adaptability of the proposed algorithm to dynamic environments. Further, a parameter sensitivity analysis underscores the significance of the dynamic adjustment mechanism.
