A rapid and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight (HPLC/QqTOF) mass spectrometry method was applied to characterize koumine metabolites in liver $9 of pig. As a result,a total of seven metabolites of koumine were identified by the comparing their changes in accurate molecular masses and product ions with those of the precursor ion or metabolite,including N-demethylated metabolites (M1), C18 and C19 hydrogenated metabolites (M3), N-demethylated-hydrogenated metabolites (M4), oxidative metabolites (M6,...