In this study, WO3 nanoplates modified by doping with gadolinium (Gd) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The effect of the rare-earth element on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of WO3 one- or two-dimensional (2D) materials was examined. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were employed to examine the crystal phase and morphology of the Gd-doped nanoplates thus prepared. Results of UV-vis spectroscopy, valence-band (VB) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Mott-Schottky analys...
