This study focused on the heavy metal concentrations in the soil and their representative input and output fluxes to paddy fields in four types of contaminated areas in Changzhutan urban agglomerations, Hunan, China. Four types of contaminated areas (mining area, livestock breeding area, suburb area and control area) were chosen for monitoring. Three input pathways and three output pathways were considered so as to figure out the heavy metal balance throughout the topsoil. In all study areas, the input fluxes of atmospheric deposition, accounting for 51.21%–94.74% of the total input flux...
