In this paper, the diversity and extensive distribution of Chinese traditional regional aromatic rice cultivar resources were summarized. Based on the analysis of the special ecological factors of the habitats such as metrological factors, soil factors and factors of irrigated water, the author thinks that the biodiversity of Chinese traditional regional aromatic rice cuhivars were caused by 2 spe- cial factors of the special habitat: suitable temperature of the soil and the gas, especially the mean daily temperature during the filling stage o...