In the early 1980s,the annual chili pepper cultivation area was less than 266 700 hm2 in China. After two decades of development,the area reached 1 333 300 hm2 by 2000,reached 21 466 700 hm2 in 2015,maintaining stability and becoming the largest vegetable crop in China. Based on production practices and research surveys,the authors review the major trends in the rapid development of China’s chili pepper industry over the past 40 years and outline the future direction. © 2025 Editorial Off...