Rice is one of the most important crops in the world. It provides food for 40% of the world's population and 60% of China's population. Soil nutrients have a significant impact on both agriculture and the environment, particularly with regards to soil fertility, soil quality, and rice production. However, minimal research has been conducted to address spatial patterns of soil nutrients at a large scale within paddy fields. This information is crucial for improving not only soil nutrient management, but also rice yields. Soil surface samples (0–...
