This study explored the effect of family functioning on secondary vocation students' problematic behavior, and the mediating role of hope and the moderating role of perceived social support (PSS). A total of 1036 secondary vocation students (15.56 +/- 1.14 years old) participated in the current research by completing measures of family functioning, problematic behavior, hope and PSS. The results showed family functioning of secondary vocational students could not only directly predict their problematic behavior, but also through the partially mediating effect of hope. Furthermore, PSS moderate...