It is an important issue for constructing harmonious new countryside to make the rural old people left behind happy. The empirical study on 179 old people left behind showed that: the rural old people's disposable incomes, physical health and time of children's telephone contact had positive impact on the happiness index, and the impact was remarkable at level of 1%, 10%, 5% respectively; labor days, the number of children left behind they had to care had negative impacts, and the impact was significant at the level of 1%. Therefore, some me...