Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) have been found to be effective in normal intestinal flora proliferation and pathogen inhibition, anti-inflammation, enhanced mineral absorption, anti-oxidation, blood lipid regulation, and alternative antibiotics. It’s widely used in medicine, food, feed and agriculture. In this paper, the physiological action and related mechanism of XOS were reviewed from the aspects of intestinal flora, immunity, lipid metabolism, antioxidation and calcium absorption combined with the research advances at home and abroad. The purpose of...