Amino acid availability regulates cellular physiology by modulating gene expression and signal transduction pathways. Although the regulations of amino acid availability on gene expression have become increasingly well documented, the nutrient signaling of eukaryotic cells sensing amino acid has not been defined. Thus, this review summarizes recent progress in the initiation of nutrient signaling, mTORC1 signaling pathway and physiological effect about cell growth and protein synthesis induced by amino acid transporters, which would be possible to provide a support for prevention and treatment...
