1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PD) production is favored by high amount of glycerol which also contributes to the lethal 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) accumulation. The influences of three culture conditions including initial glycerol concentration, stirring rate, and oxidoreduction potential (ORP) regulation on 3-HPA accumulation and 1,3-PD production were investigated. 3-HPA detoxification was available at initial glycerol concentration, aeration rate and stirring rate of up to 40 g l-1, 0.5 vvm air flow and 250 rpm, respectively. Alternatively, the...