Highly efficient and cost-effective adsorbents for phosphate (P) recovery are the key to control eutrophication and recover phosphorous from waste streams to enhance food production. This study assembled waste biomass (corn stalk, almond shell, and dairy manure)-derived biochars with Fe/Al (hydr)oxides through co-precipitation method. The fabricated biochar composites presented excellent performance for the adsorption of P due to good amounts of surface area, pore volume, and reactive surface hydroxyl sites. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the production conditions o...