Based on China's 31 provincial panel data from 2000 to 2014, this paper uses the fixed effects model and the threshold regression model, to examine the effects of agricultural research investment to reduce rural poverty. The empirical results show that regional marketization level directly influences the poverty reduction effect and there are two obvious threshold value. In the low level of marketization of the provinces, poverty reduction effect of agricultural research investment is not enough; as the marketization level across a certain thr...