Based on the situation of food security and sustainable agricultural development, this research attempted to study systematically the issues of potential land productivity and population carrying capacity in Anxiang county by applying environmental elements step up method. The results showed that there was still 2/3 to 4/5 of the potential land productivity to be developed in Anxiang County. The potential productivity index of three chief crops, rice, rapeseeds and cotton, were 66.820/0, 88.06% and 89.06% resp. At the food consumption level of basic-living, fairly comfortable, well-off and bet...