By using Theil index decomposition we found that:with the deepening of reform of all aspects in China,the income gap between urban and rural residents experienced the"reduce-expand-and then reduce-re-expand"process during the last thirty years in Hunan province.Hunan is a big agriculture province,the government should enlarge financial supporting agriculture proportion,build and ascertain various supporting agriculture and benefiting agriculture policies,help all localities to choose development route,raise the rural area resident in...