Fermented-chopped pepper is a traditional-fermented vegetable in China. Chopped pepper is generally made with pepper, garlic, and ginger. In present study, the volatile compounds, obtained from chopped peppers during spontaneous fermentation, were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). One hundred and forty volatile compounds were identified by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation, including 42 hydrocarbons, 34 esters, 16 alcohols, 21 aldehydes, 8 acids, 4 ketones, 4 ethers, and 9 other c...