As a brand new concept, the Two -oriented Agricultural Production System is faced with a series of theoretical problems for further research. The paper attempts to explore some elementary problems ineluding its essence, characteristics, principles, functions, and its differen.ces from traditional agricultural production system. It is discovered that there exists consistence among Two - oriented Agricultural Production System and circular agriculture and ecological agriculture, all of which aim to pursuit sustainable development in agriculture. However, the first is superior to the other two in...