In the current work, the effects of biochar, vermicompost, as well as their combined application on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were investigated. In this regard, four treatments were performed; among them, treatment A served as a control without additive, treatment B with vermicompost (2%), treatment C with biochar (2%), and treatment D with biochar (2%) plus vermicompost (2%). In addition, the abundance and structure of the AOA and AOB amoA gene were measured using quantitative PCR and high-...
