As a key factor in shaping channel morphology, effective discharge ( Q e ) can quantitatively link water discharge to geomorphic processes. However, a better understanding of Q e estimation and its geomorphic impacts is still challenged by the diversity of values identified for various catchments. To address this issue, the objectives of this study were to calculate Q e using both analytical and class-based approaches in 8 karst catchments during 2003–2023 based on monthly water discharge and sediment load, and further to evaluate the effect o...
