A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) applied with urea fertilizer on the N2O emission, nitrogen transformation rate, and microbial community structure in meadow brown soil (Shenyang, Northeast China), cinnamon soil (Yuncheng, Central China), and silt loam soil (Minnesota, USA). In meadow brown soil, both of the two nitrification inhibitors reduced the N2O emission by 54.1%-75.9%, but had no effects on soil mine...