Comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of paddy ecosystems is key to success in paddy ecosystem management. In this research, we propose a novel quantitative method for sustainability evaluation based on the net value of ecosystem services, which consists of a new elasticity-based sustainability evaluation framework for agricultural ecosystems. The sustainability of ecosystems, evaluated through ecosystem elasticity, is reflected in seven measurable indicators within three domains: ecological, which includes the proportion of paddy area, per capita cultivated land area, and annual wast...
