Based on the perspective of the simultaneous improvement of scale and efficiency of grain produc- tion in China, this paper used the concept of social cost expansion of grain production scale to clarify the boundary between public finance subsidy and market responsibility, and systematically analyze the realistic de- viation and problem of grain scale management subsidy. The study shows that it is necessary to further promote the scale of grain production in China, and we must clarify the objectives of grain scale management subsidy, build the cost sharing mechanism, clarify the cultivate cost...