Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.), a globally cultivated cruciferous species, is a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals, including glucosinolates (GSLs), phenolic compounds, and erucic acid (EA), which collectively contribute to its multifunctional applications in nutrition, medicine, and food processing. This review systematically elucidates the phytochemical profiles and biological activities of B. juncea, emphasizing structure-function relationships and processing optimization. Key phytochemical components, such as GSLs and their enzymatic degradation products, exhibit potent antioxi...
