This research attempted to study systematically the issues of potential land productivity and population carrying capacity in Anxiang county by applying environmental elements step up method. The results showed that there was still 2/3 to 4/5 of the potential land productivity can be developed in Anxiang county. At the current level of land productivity, land resource of Anxiang can satisfy the food grain consumption of whole county population at the level of well-off standard. However, to reach the level of better-off standard, the land productivity shou...