Pepper fruit is highly favored for its spicy taste, diverse flavors, and significant nutritional benefits. The proper development of flowers and fruits directly determines the quality of pepper fruit. The YABBY gene family exhibits diverse functions in growth and development, which is crucial to the identity of flower organs. However, the specific functions of these genes in pepper remain unclear. In this study, nine CaYABBY genes were identified and characterized in pepper. Most CaYABBY genes were highly expressed in reproductive organs, albeit with varying expression patterns. The CaYABBY5 g...