projects "Developing key technologies for establishing ecological security patterns at the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban megaregion" of the National Key Research and Development Program [2016YFC0503004]; Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS [QYZDB-SSW-DQC034]; International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program (2013) of the Office of China Postdoctoral Council; MEP/CAS project "Survey and Assessment of National Ecosystem Changes Between 2000 and 2010, China"