作者机构：
[Yang, Yuan; Yao, Bin; Zhou, Yuzhou; Zhi, Dan; Zhou, Yaoyu; Wu, Chuchu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Hunan Int Sci & Technol Cooperat Base Agr Typ Pol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Bin Yao; Yaoyu Zhou] H;Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
摘要：
Biochar has caught great attention over the last decade with the loose and porous structure, and carbon stability provides suitable living conditions for the growth and activity of microorganisms. This review provided a comprehensive summary of biochar immobilization microbe (BIM) in water and soil decontamination. Firstly, the bacterial immobilization techniques including adsorption, entrapping, and covalence methods were exhibited. Secondly, the applications of BIM in water and soil environmental remediation were introduced, mainly including the treatment of organic pollutants, heavy metals, and N/P, among which the most frequently immobilized microorganism was Bacillus. Then, the mechanisms of adsorption, redox, and degradation were analyzed. Finally, pertinent questions for future research of BIM technology were proposed. The purpose of this paper is to provide useful background information for the selection of better biochar fixation microorganisms for water and soil remediation.
作者机构：
[Hu, Ang] College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha;410128, China;[Meng, Fanfan; Wang, Jianjun] State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Nanjing;210008, China;[Jang, Kyoung-Soon; Choi, Mira] Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju
通讯机构：
[Jianjun Wang] S;State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China<&wdkj&>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
期刊：
Journal of Environmental Management,2022年314:115069 ISSN：0301-4797
通讯作者：
Wang-Rong Liu
作者机构：
[Ma, Xiao-Rui; Qiu, Li-Qing; He, De-Chun; Lu, Jia-Wei; Liu, Wang-Rong; Li, Fang-Hong] Minist Ecol & Environm PR China, South China Inst Environm Sci, State Environm Protect Key Lab Environm Pollut Hlt, Guangzhou 510655, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Hui-Li; Wu, Mian] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Ying, Guang-Guo] South China Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Chem Pollut & Environm Safe, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang-Rong Liu] S;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PR China, Guangzhou, 510655, China
摘要：
Applying pesticides can result in emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but little is known about VOC emission characteristics and the quantities in particular regions. We investigated the use of pesticides in China based on a large-scale survey of 330 counties in 31 provinces and evaluated the national pesticide VOC emission potentials based on thermogravimetric analysis of 1930 commercial pesticides. The results showed that herbicides were the most extensively used pesticide category in China, accounting for 43.47%; emulsifiable concentrate (EC), suspension concentrate, and wettable powder were the dominant pesticide formulations, with proportions of 26.75%, 17.68%, and 17.31%, respectively. The VOC emission potential coefficient (EP) of the liquid formulations was higher than the solid formulations, and the maximum mean EP was 45.59% for EC and the minimum was 0.76% for WP. Among 437 high-VOC pesticide products used in China, EC accounted for 83.52%, and 16.93% of those contained abamectin. The total VOC emissions derived from commercial pesticides in China were 280 kt (kilotons) in 2018, and 65.35% of the contribution was derived from EC. Shandong, Hunan, and Henan were the three provinces with the highest pesticide VOC emissions (>21 kt/y). The emission rate of VOCs from pesticides was 24.80 t/d in China, which was higher than in San Joaquin Valley, California. These findings suggest that some comprehensive measures (e.g., perfecting pesticide management policy, strict supervision for pesticide production and use, and strengthening pesticide reduction publicity) should be taken to reduce VOC emissions from pesticide applications.
摘要：
Accurate prediction of the concentration of heavy metals is of great significance for assessing the quality of agricultural products and reducing health risks. However, the complexity and interconnectivity of the farmland ecosystem restricts the improvement of the prediction accuracy of traditional methods. This research explored the application potential of graph neural network (GNN) technology, which can extract and learn information in large-scale networks in detail, in the field of heavy metal prediction for the first time. In this study, a heavy metal prediction model for rice, CoNet-GNN, was proposed with 17 environmental factors as input variables using the co-occurrence network and GNN. Experimental results using a dataset from a field study showed that the R(2) of CoNet-GNN for predicting Cd, Pb, Cr, As, and Hg had outstanding values of 0.872, 0.711, 0.683, 0.489, and 0.824, respectively. Sensitivity analysis further indicated that CoNet-GNN had good stability and robustness. Compared with random forest, gradient boosting, and multilayer perceptron, CoNet-GNN made a remarkable improvement to the prediction accuracy of all studied heavy metals. Therefore, CoNet-GNN can effectively simulate the rich relationships and laws between various factors in the soil-rice system and effectively characterize the influence diffusion path. Furthermore, it provides new ideas for heavy metal prediction based on network research methods and expands the technical scope of heavy metal evaluation.
期刊：
Journal of Environmental Management,2021年296:113271 ISSN：0301-4797
通讯作者：
Hong Chen
作者机构：
[Du, Chunyan; Yang, Min; Wang, Hong; Chen, Hong; Yang, Enzhe; Yu, Guanlong] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preve, Sch Hydraul Engn, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Hong; Chen, Hong] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.;[Deng, Zhengyu; He, Weining] China Machinery Int Engn Design & Res Inst Co Ltd, Changsha 410007, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Dongbo] Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Yaoyu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hong Chen] K;Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410004, China<&wdkj&>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
关键词：
Anammox;Autotrophic nitrogen removal;Dissolved oxygen;Micro-granules;Partition control
摘要：
Autotrophic nitrogen removal (ANR) processes have not been widely applied in wastewater treatment due to their long start-up time and unstable performance. In this study, a novel dissolved oxygen-differentiated airlift internal circulation reactor was developed to enhance ANR from wastewater. During 200 days of continuous operation, the reactor start-up was achieved within 30 days; a high total nitrogen removal efficiency of 80% was achieved and stably maintained under an aeration rate of 0.90L/min and hydraulic retention time of 6h. Additionally, the color of sludge went from a light yellow to dark red, and the amount and size of the micro-granules increased obviously. Medium-sized (1.0-2.5mm) micro-granules accounted for 72.4% on day 190. The specific anammox activity increased from 0.53 to 1.43g-N/g-VSS/d, while the SNOA decreased from 0.93 to 0.08g-N/g-VSS/d. Furthermore, the microbial analysis showed that the Nitrosomonas (4.2%) and Candidatus Brocadia (22.6%) were enriched and formed the micro-granules after the reactor's long-term operation. The results indicate that novel configuration realizes the partitioning of dissolved oxygen (DO), optimizes nitritation and anammox reactions, and accelerates biochemical reactions, thereby enhancing ANR performance. This study provides a practical alternative to enhance ANR performance and a scientific basis for the development and application of novel nitrogen removal reactors.
作者：
Ji, Zhengyu;Huang, Yin;Feng, Yao;Johansen, Anders;Xue, Jianming;...
期刊：
Science of The Total Environment,2021年788:147784 ISSN：0048-9697
通讯作者：
Zhaojun Li
作者机构：
[Huang, Yin; Feng, Yao; Ji, Zhengyu; Li, Zhaojun] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Key Lab Plant Nutr & Fertilizer, Minist Agr,China New Zealand Joint Lab Soil Mol E, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Yin] Hunan Agr Univ, China Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Johansen, Anders] Aarhus Univ, Fac Tech Sci, Dept Environm Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.;[Xue, Jianming] Scion, Private Bag 29237, Christchurch, New Zealand.;[Tremblay, Louis A.] Cawthron Inst, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand.
通讯机构：
[Zhaojun Li] K;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for soil Molecular Ecology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
摘要：
In laboratory studies, microplastics and/or nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) have been shown to cause a variety of ecotoxicological effects on soil invertebrates. Existing data on the effects of these plastic debris on biological functions and physiological systems, showed a great variability among studies. Thus, how soil invertebrates respond to different types, shapes, sizes and concentrations of pristine MPs/NPs remains to be further characterized. The present work is an up-to-date review on quantitative and qualitative data on the effects of pristine MPs/NPs on soil invertebrates in laboratory conditions. Research priorities are also discussed. Out of a total of 1061 biological endpoints investigated in 56 studies, 49% were significantly affected after exposed to pristine MPs/NPs. The polymers with chloro and phenyl groups had more negative impacts on soil invertebrates than other polymers. Most studies used earthworm and nematode species as model organisms. For nematodes, the impact of MPs/NPs seemed to be concentration-dependent and higher concentrations of pristine MPs/NPs appeared to have more adverse impacts on biological functions and physiological systems, but this trend was not confirmed in earthworms. Meta-analysis revealed that pristine MP/NP concentrations higher than 1 g kg(-1) (in soil) may decrease growth and survival of earthworms, while a concentration higher than 1 mu g L-1 (in water) may affect nematode reproductive fitness. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
期刊：
Science of The Total Environment,2021年777:146038 ISSN：0048-9697
通讯作者：
Qiang Wang<&wdkj&>Yuan Yang
作者机构：
[Wei, Wen-Jing; Gao, Yu-Pei; Wang, Qiang; Li, Lei] Cent South Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Hunan Prov Water Environm & Agr Prod Safe, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Yuan; Zhou, Yao-Yu; Liu, Xin] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Int Joint Lab Hunan Agr Typ Pollut Restorat & Wat, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Qiang Wang] K;[Yuan Yang] I;Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, PR China<&wdkj&>International Joint Laboratory of Hunan Agricultural Typical Pollution Restoration and Water Resources Safety Utilization, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
摘要：
Plants can absorb and accumulate engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) through water and soil, providing a potential way for nanoparticles to be enriched in humans through the food chain. In this paper, a combination of enzymatic digestion method and SP-ICP-MS analysis was used to quantitatively characterize the enriched AuNPs in mustard and lettuce plants. The results showed that Macerozyme R-10 enzyme can extract AuNPs from plants without obvious aggregation/dissolution. Both mustard and lettuce plants can absorb and enrich the complete AuNPs to the above-ground organs, and the particle number concentrations detected are 1.24 x 10(7) particles L-1 and 4.39 x 10(7) particles L-1, respectively. With different exposure level of AuNPs(0.5 mg L-1,), a particle number concentration of 2.32 x 107 particles L-1 was detected in the stems of lettuce plants, while the mustard failed to transport AuNPs to the above-ground organs. The transport efficiency of Au ions by plants is higher than that of AuNPs, and the plants have stronger bioavailability for ions. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
通讯机构：
[Chao Xu] K;[Xiangdong Zhu] C;Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
摘要：
Paddy soil contaminated by cadmium (Cd) has attracted worldwide attention, while foliar spraying of zinc (Zn) could be considered a cost-effective and practical agronomic measure for reducing Cd accumulation in rice grain. However, the effects due to foliar spraying of Zn on different cultivars, as well as the mechanism of subsequent processes taking place are not fully understood up to now. To go a step ahead, a field experiment was conducted with the aim of studying the capability of foliar application of Zn (0.4% ZnSO4) to reduce Cd concentration in grain in five late rice cultivars (here named JLYHZ, FYY272, JY284, CLY7 and LXY130), and the antioxidant activities and subcellular distribution of Cd in the leaves. The results indicate that foliar Zn application significantly decreased grain yield in JY284, CLY7 and JLYHZ, compared to controls. In addition, foliar application of Zn significantly decreased Cd concentration in grain of the five rice cultivars, while increased Zn concentration. The effect of foliar application of Zn on transport coefficients of Cd varied greatly for the different rice cultivars. Foliar application of Zn significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in rice leaves, and increased peroxidase (POD) activity. Also, it changed the distribution of Cd in the soluble fraction in leaves (expressed as proportion), which was significantly decreased, and the proportion of Cd in the cell wall increased. The structural equation model (SEM) revealed the positive effects of flag leaf Cd, first node Cd, old leaf Cd, and root Cd concentration on grain Cd concentration. Flag leaf Cd had the highest standardized total effects on grain Cd concentration, followed by old leaf Cd. These results indicated that foliar application of Zn was effective in reducing grain Cd concentration of late rice by enhancing antioxidant activities and Cd chelation onto cell wall of leaves, and reducing Cd concentrations in leaves. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The fate and toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ions in water bodies is largely determined by the natural organic matter (NOM)-mediated redox cycling. However, the process of NOM-mediated redox cycling in the day/night cycles remains elusive. In this study, the inter-transformation between AgNPs and Ag+ ion caused by humic acid (HA) was investigated under controlled light and dark conditions. It was shown that HA induced the reduction of Ag+ into AgNPs in simulated sunlight, and also oxidize AgNPs to release Ag+ in darkness. Kinetics data demonstrated that the rates of AgNPs formation and dissolution increased along with the increment of HA concentrations. Along with the pH increase, the reduction of Ag+ accelerated, but the oxidative dissolution of AgNPs was inhibited. In day-night cycles, the AgNPs and Ag+ concentrations exhibited similar wave-shaped change curves. The peaks of AgNPs and Ag+ ion appeared at 7 p.m. and 7 a.m., respectively. The toxicity of AgNPs/Ag+ to Escherichia coli was determined primarily by the concentration of dissolved Ag+, but also affected by the particle-specific toxicity. The dual role of HA implied that previous reports about the photo-reduction of Ag+ to AgNPs by NOM should be reconsidered, and the oxidizability of HA in darkness strongly affect the transformation and toxicity of AgNPs in water.
摘要：
A hydroponic study was conducted to determine the effects of single and/or combined application of different doses (0, 5 and 10 mu M L-1) of abscisic acid (ABA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on cobalt (Co) accumulation, morpho-physiological and antioxidative defense attributes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) exposed to severe Co stress (400 mu M L-1). The single Co treatment (T1), prominently decreased tomato growth, relative water contents, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b), whereas enhanced oxidative stress and Co accumulation in shoot and root tissues. Nonetheless, the supplementation of ABA and 6-BAP via nutrient media significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced plant biomass, root morphology and chlorophyll contents of tomato, compared to only Co treatment (T1). Moreover, the oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde, proline and H2O2 contents were ameliorated through activation of enzymatic antioxidant activities i.e. ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, in growth modulator treatments in comparison to T1. The Co uptake, translocation (TF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) by shoot and root tissues of tomato were significantly reduced under all the treatments than that of T1. The supply of 6-BAP alone or in combination with ABA at 10 mu M L-1 application (T7) rate was found the most effective to reduce Co accumulation in the roots and shoots by 48.4% and 70.2% respectively than T1 treatment. It can be concluded that two plant growth modulators could improve the stress tolerance by inhibition of Co uptake in tomato plants. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Heavy metal pollution affects soil ecological function. Biochar and compost can effectively remediate heavy metals and increase soil nutrients. The effects and mechanisms of biochar and compost amendments on soil nitrogen cycle function in heavy-metal contaminated soils are not fully understood. This study examined how biochar, compost, and their integrated use affected ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in heavy metal polluted soil. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB). Ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity was evaluated by the enzyme--linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that compost rather than biochar improved nitrogen conversion in soil. Biochar, compost, or their integrated application significantly reduced the effective Zn and Cd speciation. Adding compost obviously increased As and Cu effective speciation, bacterial 16S rRNA abundance, and AMO activity. AOB, stimulated by compost addition, was significantly more abundant than AOA throughout remediation. Correlation analysis showed that AOB abundance positively correlated with NO3--N (r = 0.830, P < 0.01), and that AMO activity had significant correlation with EC (r = -0.908, P < 0.01) and water-soluble carbon (r = -0.868, P < 0.01). Those seem to be the most vital factors affecting AOB community and their function in heavy metal-polluted soil remediated by biochar and compost. (C) 2020 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.
摘要：
In this study, two pyridine-degrading strains namely Enterobacter cloacae complex sp. BD17 and Enterobacter sp.BD19 were isolated from the aerobic tank of a pesticide wastewater treatment plant. The mixed bacteria H4 composed of BD17 and BD19 at a ratio of 1:1 was immobilized by Solidago canadensis L. stem biochar with a dosage of 2g·L(-1). The highest pyridine removal rate of 91.70% was achieved by the immobilized H4 at an initial pyridine concentration of 200mg·L(-1), pH of 7.0, temperature of 28°C and salinity of 3.0% within 36h. The main intermediates of pyridine degradation by BD17 were pyridine-2-carboxamide, 2-aminopropanediamide, and 2-aminoacetamide, while 2-picolinic acid, isopropyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, and acetaldehyde were identified with BD19 by adopting GC-MS technique. Interestingly, there was a possibility of totally mineralization of pyridine and the corresponding degradation pathways of BD17 and BD19 were revealed for the first time.
摘要：
Ammonium (NH(4)(+)) toxicity has become a serious ecological and agricultural issue owing to increasing soil nitrogen inputs and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. There is accumulating evidence for the mechanisms underlying NH(4)(+)-tolerance in rice and Arabidopsis, but similar knowledge for dryland crops is currently limited. We investigated the responses of a natural population of allotetraploid rapeseed to NH(4)(+) and nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and screened one NH(4)(+)-tolerant genotype (T5) and one NH(4)(+)-sensitive genotype (S211). Determination of the shoot and root NH(4)(+) concentrations showed that levels were higher in S211 than in T5. (15)NH(4)(+) uptake assays, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity quantification, and relative gene transcriptional analysis indicated that the significantly higher GS activity observed in T5 roots than that in S211 was the main reason for its NH(4)(+)-tolerance. In-depth metabolomic analysis verified that Gln metabolism plays an important role in rapeseed NH(4)(+)-tolerance. Furthermore, adaptive changes in carbon metabolism were much more active in T5 shoots than in S211. Interestingly, we found that N-glycosylation pathway was significantly induced by NH(4)(+), especially the mannose metabolism, which concentration was 2.75-fold higher in T5 shoots than in S211 with NH(4)(+) treatment, indicating that mannose may be a metabolomic marker which also confers physiological adaptations for NH(4)(+) tolerance in rapeseed. The corresponding amino acid and soluble sugar concentrations and gene expression in T5 and S211 were consistent with these results. Genomic sequencing identified variations in the GLN (encoding GS) and GMP1 (encoding the enzyme that provides GDP-mannose) gene families between the T5 and S211 lines. These genes will be utilized as candidate genes for future investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying NH(4)(+) tolerance in rapeseed.
作者：
Nie, Jing;Wang, Qiming;Gao, Shengya;Poon, Chi Sun;Zhou, Yaoyu;...
期刊：
Journal of Environmental Management,2021年288:112382 ISSN：0301-4797
通讯作者：
Chi Sun Poon<&wdkj&>Jiang-shan Li
作者机构：
[Nie, Jing; Poon, Chi Sun; Gao, Shengya; Wang, Qiming] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Nie, Jing; Zhou, Yaoyu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Li, Jiang-shan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.;[Poon, Chi Sun; Li, Jiang-shan; Wang, Qiming] IRSM CAS HK PolyU Joint Lab Solid Waste Sci, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chi Sun Poon] D;[Jiang-shan Li] S;State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China<&wdkj&>IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China<&wdkj&>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China<&wdkj&>IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
摘要：
With rapid economic growth and urbanisation, the reuse and recycling of solid wastes has become a high priority for the sustainable development of modern cities. In this study, two typical solid wastes, incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) and waste bentonite, were co-valorised to produce granular adsorbents through a simple and energy-saving pelletisation/sintering process. A mixture of ISSA and bentonite at a weight ratio of 3:1 was pelletised and sintered at 700°C. The resultant ceramsite, with good mechanical strength, could effectively remove Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption kinetics can be described by the pseudo-first-order (PFO) model. The results indicated that the Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption process was dominated by electrostatic attraction, precipitation, and complexation. The isothermal data exhibited a good correlation with the Freundlich model, indicating that the adsorption process was non-ideal and spontaneous. The maximum adsorption capacity was approximately 21.6±0.35mg/g at 318K. After 5 cycles of regeneration, the adsorbent maintained good adsorption performance. Moreover, the removal rate was not greatly affected by ionic strength. These findings demonstrate that the granular adsorbent prepared with ISSA and waste bentonite can be recognised as a promising adsorbent for Pb-containing wastewater treatment.
期刊：
Science of The Total Environment,2021年752:141684 ISSN：0048-9697
通讯作者：
Chabbi, Abad
作者机构：
[Chabbi, Abad; Hu, Teng] French Natl Res Inst Agr Food & Environm INRAE, INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine Poitiers, URP3F, F-86600 Lusignan, France.;[Chabbi, Abad; Hu, Teng] French Natl Res Inst Agr Food & Environm INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Versailles Grignon, F-78850 Thiverval Grignan, France.;[Hu, Teng] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Chabbi, Abad] INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine Poitiers, URP3F, Le Chene RD 150,CS80006, F-86600 Lusignan, France.
通讯机构：
[Chabbi, Abad] I;INRAE Nouvelle Aquitaine Poitiers, URP3F, Le Chene RD 150,CS80006, F-86600 Lusignan, France.
关键词：
Crop rotations;Grassland;Land use conversion;Root biomass C;Shoot biomass C;Soil C
摘要：
This study tested the possible root biomass improvements in crop rotations after the conversion of grasslands, and crop samples from maize, winter wheat, and winter barley were collected during 2011-2013 from a long-term experimental site in Lusignan, France (http://www.soere-acbb). Root biomass C quantification was performed using delta C-13 isotopic signatures to determine the presence of both C3 and C4 plants. We also calculated the recovery rate of maize root biomass C. The results showed that after crop rotations, 0-60 cm root biomass C values were 44.1, 34.2, and 18.7 g C m(-2) for maize, winter wheat, and winter barley respectively. The Root biomass C of crops after conversion to grassland was approximately 2-3 times those observed after crop rotations. However, incorporating ley grassland duration into crop rotations showed limited improvements in shoot biomass C and grain yield of the crops, regardless of the decreased rate of N fertilizer for maize. Moreover, root biomass C had a significant relationship with N supply from residues (P<.05). Nevertheless, shoot biomass C of only maize showed significance in its relationships with N supply and root biomass C. In addition, in each 30 cm soil layer (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, and 60-90 cm), the recovery rate of maize roots decreased to approximately 15% when root biomass C increased to 10 g C m(-2). However, further increases in root biomass C had little impact on the recovery rate. In conclusion, compared with continuous cropland, incorporating ley grassland duration into crop rotations increases root biomass C of crops, but this change may not be a significant increase of the shoot biomass C or grain yield. This finding simply indicates the improved C input from crops and the potential to increase soil organic C, as well as providing a model for the sustainability of crop rotations. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The extensive use of neonicotinoid pesticides in the past two decades caused serious impacts on many kinds of living beings. Therefore, it has been strongly suggested to detoxify and eliminate neonicotinoids' residual levels in environment. Here, the degradation and detoxification of thiamethoxam (THX) by white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was conducted. Results shown that P. chrysosporium can tolerate THX and degraded 49% of THX after incubation for 15 days, and then 98% for 25 days at the initial concentration of 10mg/L, which indicates the excellent degradation ability of this fungus to THX. Based on the by-products identified, THX underwent dechlorination, nitrate reduction, and C-N cleavage between the 2-chlorothiazole ring and oxadiazine. (Z)-N-(3-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene)nitramide and 3-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-imine were identified as the main metabolites. The impacts of THX and its corresponding degradation intermediates on the growth of E. coil and Microcystis aeruginosa as well as the germination of rape and cabbage demonstrated that P. chrysosporium effectively degrades THX into metabolites and reduces its biotoxicity. The present work demonstrates that P. chrysosporium can be effectively used for degradation and detoxification of THX.
