摘要：
Comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of paddy ecosystems is key to success in paddy ecosystem management. In this research, we propose a novel quantitative method for sustainability evaluation based on the net value of ecosystem services, which consists of a new elasticity-based sustainability evaluation framework for agricultural ecosystems. The sustainability of ecosystems, evaluated through ecosystem elasticity, is reflected in seven measurable indicators within three domains: ecological, which includes the proportion of paddy area, per capita cultivated land area, and annual waste water discharge per capita; economic, which includes the agricultural economy level and urbanization rate; and social, which includes education of farmers and rural medical level. The evaluation approach we propose constitutes an important contribution to sustainability evaluation methodology. We apply the proposed approach to evaluate the sustainability of China?s paddy ecosystems. The results suggest that the overall paddy ecosystem elasticity in China was on the rise in 2009e2017, indicating the weakening of anti interference ability and stability of the paddy ecosystem and the deterioration of paddy ecosystem sustainability. Our results also reveal obvious sustainability imbalance in paddy ecosystems across different regions of China. These findings offer empirical evidence substantiating the urgent need for Chinese governmental initiatives to improve the sustainability of paddy ecosystems, particularly those in the Northeastern region. The findings also necessitate inter-regional collaborations, especially collaborations between adjacent paddy ecosystems, to institute cross-regional standards and policies pertaining to the sustainability of paddy ecosystems. The results from the evaluations of China?s paddy ecosystems may serve as a wake-up call for other countries to assess the sustainability of their own ecosystems using the approach we propose. The findings are also likely to raise the awareness of ecosystem sustainability and its evaluation, and promote global ecosystem sustainability research. ? 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
通讯机构：
[Yang, Xinhua; Roser, Matthew E] B;[Huang, Jia] N;[Tian, Kai; Wang, Dongfang; Liu, Guangya] D;[Harrision, Phillippa] C;Brain Research & Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cognition Institute, Faculty of Health & Human Sciences, Plymouth University, UK.. Electronic address:
关键词：
Anhedonia;BD;MDD;Motivation;Schizophrenia
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Motivational anhedonia has been observed in patients with a wide range of mental disorders. However, the similarity and uniqueness of this deficit across diagnostic groups has not been thoroughly investigated. METHOD: The study compared motivational deficits in 37 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 32 with bipolar depression, 33 with manic bipolar disorder (BD), 30 with acute phase and 33 with stable phase schizophrenia, as well as 47 healthy controls. Participants were administered the Effort-Expenditure for Reward Task which measures allocation of effort between a high-effort and a low-effort task for monetary rewards at varying magnitudes and probabilities. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, BD manic, acute and stable phase schizophrenia patients were significantly less likely to choose the high-effort task in the high reward magnitude condition. BD manic and acute phase schizophrenia patients were significantly less likely to choose the high-effort task in the high probability condition. Acute and stable phase schizophrenia patients made less effort in the high estimated value condition. Bipolar manic patients made excessive effort in low estimated value but less effort in high estimated value. Contrary to expectations, both the unipolar and bipolar depression patients did not differ significantly from healthy controls in reward magnitude, probability, and estimated value conditions. Anhedonia and negative symptoms were associated with fewer high-effort task choices in schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSION: Motivation anhedonia showed distinct patterns across psychiatric patients: acute phase schizophrenia was the most severely affected, bipolar mania was similar to schizophrenia, but bipolar depression was similar to unipolar depression.
关键词：
Knowledge chain management;multiagent technology;distributed artificial intelligence;enterprise knowledge chain management system model
摘要：
Based on the knowledge chain model, this paper focuses on the introduction of multiagent systems. Multiagent systems are also an effective solution for distributed artificial intelligence. Additionally, distributed artificial intelligence has promoted the development of multiple agents. We introduce multiagent technology in distributed artificial intelligence, propose a multiagent-based knowledge chain management system model, discuss the model architecture and the functions of each agent in the model, and study the communication between the agents in the model and collaboration mechanisms. From the perspective of supply chain knowledge and capabilities, the knowledge level among supply chain enterprises is discussed, and a collaborative knowledge chain management model between supply chain enterprises is constructed to provide guidance for achieving collaboration among supply chain enterprises.
关键词：
pig farmers;epidemic coping behavior;African swine fever;epidemic prevention and control
摘要：
An animal epidemic is a big threat for economic development that may seriously disturb the breeding industry and people’s normal life. The most effective approach so far for epidemic control is biosecurity, zoning, culling animals exposed, and other relevant measures, which highly demands the cooperation of farmers in epidemic areas. However, an uncooperative phenomenon among individual farmers facing an epidemic has been recorded for a long time and includes unwilling to report the epidemic and selling infected pork. It is important to unravel the determinants of farmers’ coping behaviors during an animal epidemic outbreak and use corresponding strategies to reduce farmers’ inappropriate behaviors. Taking African Swine Fever (ASF) crisis as an example, this study aimed to reveal the determinants and underlying mechanism of pig farmers’ coping behaviors. We adopted qualitative interviews with 45 pig farmers across four endemically infected areas in Hunan provinces, and the data collected were subjected to a grounded theory analysis. Our results showed that emergency response, information sources, and information channels jointly affected pig farmers’ epidemic risk perception and their perception of coping behaviors. Meanwhile, both the characteristics of the government and pig farmers moderated this affect. Consequently, by processing information through either a heuristic or an analytical path, pig farmers’ behavioral intention was transformed into actual coping behaviors. Our study emphasizes the value of sufficient risk communication, proper compensation policies, and strong public trust in the government for improving the farmers’ participation in the epidemic response. Theoretical and practical implications to animal epidemic prevention and control are provided.
作者机构：
[Liu, Min; Zhai, Hui] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Architecture & City Planning, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Min] Southwest Forestry Univ, Coll Landscape Architecture & Hort Sci, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Xiaoma] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Landscape Architecture & Art Design, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Song, Ding] Kunming Univ Sci & Technol, Campus Greening Ctr, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
urban public greenspace (UPGS);planning assessment;landscape metrics;plan implementation;monitoring
摘要：
Urban greenspace planning plays a crucial role in improving the quality of human settlements and the living standard of citizens. Urban public greenspace (UPGS) is an important part of urban greenspaces. Existing literature rarely includes a scientific evaluation of greenspace plans (including of UPGS) and plan implementation effects. To bridge this gap, this study evaluated and monitored the UPGS plan enacted in 2010 in Kunming, China. Object-based image classification and visual interpretation of satellite images and Google Earth imagery were used to quantify the different periods of UPGS implementation. Six indicators and monitoring at four classic sites were applied to explore the change at two scales (overall scale and district scale) for monitoring the UPGS plan execution. The results showed that UPGS structure greatly improved after plan implementation. However, UPGS provision per capita has not reached the level of greenspace planning and the connectivity was poor. Significant implementation inequalities existed in each district and implementation has lagged behind schedule. This study contributes to a better understanding of greenspace planning and urban planning in general, which can help improve future planning and planning decisions.
摘要：
There is an increasingly growth of China's social security expenditure(SSE) during the past decade. Regarding to the great responsibility and impact on citizens' welfare and economic development, the efficiency of social security expenditure has inevitably become the focus of growing attention. Based on Chinese provincial panel data over the period 2007-2016, a three-stage DEA model was conducted and found that the efficiency level of 29 provinces/municipalities did not reach the efficiency frontier. Environmental factors and statistical noises have a significant impact on the efficiency of SSE, if environmental factors and statistical noises are not considered, the efficiency of SSE in China is likely to be underestimated. The regional differences in the efficiency of SSE were significant and ranked by descending order as follows: central region, eastern region and western region.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Recent works suggest recent changes in anhedonia may be specifically predictive of key elements of psychopathology. The present study aimed to identify the trajectories of state anhedonia and recent changes in anhedonia, and to investigate their associations with other psychiatric syndromes over time. METHODS: A total of 859 college students were assessed at three time points. State anhedonia was assessed using the Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale and recent changes in anhedonia were assessed with a subscale extracted from the Symptom Check-List-90. The Latent Growth Curve Modelling analysis was used to analyze trajectories. Associations with anhedonia were investigated with logistic regression models. RESULTS: Three state anhedonia trajectories and two recent changes in anhedonia trajectories were identified. The decreasing trajectory was the most prevalent class in both two types of anhedonia. Depression and suicidal ideation predicted recent changes in anhedonia whereas other psychiatric syndromes predicted state anhedonia. CONCLUSIONS: The current study highlighted the development trajectories of different measures of anhedonia. The results showed that the relationships between anhedonia and psychiatric syndromes were different according to the kind of anhedonia.
摘要：
Adolescents with childhood trauma may be associated with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and is at high risk for later development of psychoses. Exploring early age risk factors for childhood trauma may provide useful information for prevention of mental disorders and improvement of mental health, yet no studies have examined the association between exposure to specific forms of trauma and different types of PLEs in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Thus, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form was used to measure five types of childhood trauma (emotional abuse, EA; physical abuse, PA; sexual abuse, SA; emotional neglect, EA; physical neglect, PA) in junior middle school students. And the positive subscale of Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences divided into four types (bizarre experiences, perceptual abnormalities, persecutory ideation and magical thinking) was used to measure PLEs. Then the possible associations among demographic information and specific types of childhood trauma on specific forms of PLEs was compared. The rates of EA, PA, SA, EA and PA were 14.2%, 13.0%, 16.1%, 60.0%, and 78.6%, respectively. Moreover, childhood trauma seems to be a main role in the development of PLE, and EA and SA patients are particularly likely to experience PLEs.
关键词：
composting;zeolite;biochar;microbial community structure;shaping factor
摘要：
Bacterial and fungal communities play significant roles in waste biodegradation and nutrient reservation during composting. Biochar and zeolite were widely reported to directly or indirectly promote microbial growth. Therefore, the effects of zeolite and biochar on the abundance and structure of bacterial and fungal communities and their shaping factors during the composting of agricultural waste were studied. Four treatments were carried out as follows: Run A as the control without any addition, Run B with zeolite (5%), Run C with biochar (5%), and Run D with zeolite (5%) and biochar (5%), respectively. The bacterial and fungal community structures were detected by high-throughput sequencing. Redundancy analysis was used for determining the relationship between community structure and physico-chemical parameters. The results indicated that the addition of biochar and zeolite changed the physico-chemical parameters (e.g., pile temperature, pH, total organic matter, ammonium, nitrate, and water-soluble carbon) during the composting process. Zeolite and biochar significantly changed the structure and diversity of bacterial and fungal populations. Moreover, the bacterial community rather than the fungal community was sensitive to the biochar and zeolite addition during the composting process. Community phylogenetic characteristics showed that Nocardiopsaceae, Bacillaceae, Leuconostocaceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae were the predominant bacterial species at the family-level. Chaetomiaceae and Trichocomaceae were the two most dominant fungal species. The pH, total organic matter, and nitrate were the most important factors affecting the bacterial and fungal population changes during the composting process.
摘要：
Scholars and planning/design professionals are interested in the quantitative, metric properties influencing the quality and assessment of rural landscape space. These metrics are important for guiding rural planning, design, and construction of cultural rural environments. Respondents and metrics from four sampled villages (Qixin, Hangsha, Yanpai Xi, and Lvdong) in the Xiangxi District of Hunan Province in China were examined, employing statistical principal component analysis and factor analysis methods to understand the identifying properties concerning planning and design features of these rural mountain village landscape spaces. The two approaches reveal different aspects from the same variables. Through factor analysis and rotation, four general dimensions were revealed explaining approximately 62% of the variance: a settlement and environmental axis, an intangible culture axis, a productive landscape axis, and a transportation and public space axis, supporting the standing notion that the variables were ordinated across four dimensions in these mountain villages and occupied an elliptical plane that was different than the predicted space occupied by nearby cites. In contrast, principal component analysis revealed that the variables could be grouped into one latent dimension explaining 48% of the variance and revealing an alternative interpretation and spatial plot of the sites.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Recent work suggests that the social component of anhedonia is more associated with suicide ideation than the other component of pleasure. The present study investigated the differential effects of state and trait social anhedonia on suicidal ideation across two undergraduate samples based on the Interpersonal Theory and Three-Step Theory of Suicide. METHODS: State social anhedonia was assessed with a single item (Loss of Interest in People) extracted from the Beck Depression Inventory, while trait social anhedonia was assessed using the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale. Suicidal ideation was re-administered at a 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: In Study 1, higher state social anhedonia was associated with greater levels of suicidal ideation, while trait social anhedonia moderated the relationship between thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation. In Study 2, state social anhedonia was margin significant predictor of suicidal ideation, while trait social anhedonia moderated the relationship between psychological pain and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirmed the presence of two different effects on suicidal ideation in state and trait social anhedonia: state social anhedonia directly was associated with suicidal ideation, while trait social anhedonia was indirectly related through their effects on other risk factors of suicidality.
摘要：
This paper proposes a novel hybrid forecast model to forecast crude oil price on considering the long memory, asymmetric, heavy-tail distribution, nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of crude oil price. First, we use a signal de-noising method to reduce excessive noise significantly in the crude oil price. Then we employ empirical mode decomposition to transform the de-noised price into different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Finally, some complex long memory GARCH-M models are used to forecast different IMFs and a residual. Empirical results show that the proposed hybrid forecasting model WPD-EMD-ARMA-FIGARCH-M achieves significant effect during periods of extreme incidents. The robustness test shows that this hybrid model is superior to traditional models. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
As the window-to-wall ratio, a microclimatic factor in residential districts, regulates the indoor thermal environment and implicates the energy consumption, this research was aimed at interpreting the microclimate effects of the window-to-wall ratio on the indoor thermal environment of the non-Hvac building located in the block from the view of a full year. Urban built parameters and building material parameters applied in Chenzhou were investigated, with the ENVI-met model serving as the analytical tool calculating the meteorological data recorded in the local national meteorological station. The thermal perception criterion of Chenzhou citizens was investigated, and thermal isotherms were employed to interpret the thermal perception distribution throughout the year. Analytical results revealed that the annual indoor thermal environment would deteriorate along with the growth of the window-to-wall ratio in Chenzhou, with the very hot thermal perception environment covering the months from March to October once the window-to-wall ratio outnumbered 60.00%. Furthermore, the hot and very hot thermal perception environments originated in the ranges of 0.00% to 20.00% and that of 20.00% to 40.00%, respectively. Furthermore, if the window-to-wall ratios (WWRs) outnumbered 40%, their effects on the indoor thermal perception environment would gradually decrease and be powerless once that exceeded 80%.
关键词：
Inward foreign direct investment;Chinese firms;direct effect;four economic regions
摘要：
This paper uses Chinese firm-level data from 2001 to 2007 and applies a propensity score matching method combined with a difference-in-differences approach to examine the direct causal link between inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and various aspects of Chinese firms’ performance. We divide China into four economic regions and subdivide the origin of foreign investment into HMT investment (within the Greater China Area) and other foreign investment (outside the Greater China Area). The results indicate that the progress of the IFDI market in China is not evenly balanced within the four economic regions, while the different origins of foreign investment produce different effects.
摘要：
The development of novel and green photocatalysts have attracted considerable attentions due to their excellent performance for environmental remediation, especially for the degradation of persistent pollutants. In this work, the biochar-supported K-doped g-C3N4 composites with the high photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation was prepared by the calcination-impregnation method. The crystal structure, apparent morphology and functional group composition of the as-prepared photocatalytic materials were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). Moreover, the characterization of UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS) and photoluminescence technique (PL) verified the good optical properties of resultant samples. Naphthalene was selected as the representative compound to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the prepared photocatalysts under visible light irradiation. The evaluation results showed that the biochar-supported K-doped g-C3N4 composites exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity (82.19%). Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation rate basically remained unchanged after five cycles, indicating the good stability of the prepared photocatalysts. In addition, a possible mechanism for the photodegradation process was proposed on the basis of the main intermediates detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). This study may provide a promising approach for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by waste utilization of agricultural biomass and increasing the photocatalytic performance of pure g-C3N4.
